Reproduction

Reproduction

Cloning Techniques
1. Plants
  1. Taking Cuttings
    1. New plants can be produced quickly and cheaply
  2. Tissue Culture
    1. Uses small groups of cells from part of a plant
      1. Large number of plants can be produced
2. Animals
  1. Embryo Transplants
    1. Cells are split apart from developing embryos
      1. Embryos inserted into host mothers
        All the offspring are identical BUT show variation to the parents
  2. Adult Cell Cloning
    1. The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg
      1. The nucleus from an adult body cell is removed and inserted into the empty egg cell
        An electric shock causes the egg to divide into an embryo
        When the embryo is a ball of cells it is inserted into a host animal
        The animal produced is identical to the animal which provided the adult cell nucleus
Sexual Reproduction
1. The fusion of gametes
  1. The offspring show variation and are NOT identical to the parents
Asexual Reproduction
1. No fusion of gametes
  1. Only one parent needed
    1. The offspring are identical to the parent and are known as clones
Genetic Engineering
1. Genes from humans and other organisms can be cut out and transfered to cells of other organisms.
  1. Genes are cut out using enzymes
    1. Genes can be added to crop plants to make them resistant to disease
      1. People are concerned about the effect of GM crops on the populations of wild flowers and insects and the effect on human health.

Resource summary

	Created by nwainwright almost 11 years ago