Janice’s Painful Knee

Description

Mind Map on Janice’s Painful Knee, created by Noree Alii on 09/04/2017.
Noree Alii
Mind Map by Noree Alii, updated more than 1 year ago
Noree Alii
Created by Noree Alii over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Janice’s Painful Knee
  1. Anatomy of knee joint
    1. Bones
      1. Femur, tibia, and patella
      2. Ligaments
        1. Extra- capsular
          1. LCL, MCL, Oblique popliteal
          2. Intra-capsular
            1. ACL, PCL, Transverse, Posterior meniscofemoral
          3. Menisci
            1. Medial and lateral
            2. Blood supply
              1. Anastomosis of the Knee joint
                1. Formed by 10 branches
              2. Bursa
              3. Structure of cartilage
                1. Cells
                  1. Chondroblasts + Chondrocytes
                  2. Matrix
                    1. Ground substance + elastic and collagen fibres
                    2. Types
                      1. Hyaline cartilage
                        1. collagen and elastic fibres are present in equal amounts
                          1. Supports and reinforces
                            1. Found in: fatal skeleton, articular surfaces, costal cartilage, and cartilage of nose, trachea, and larynx
                        2. Elastic cartilage
                          1. elastic fibres are present in large amounts
                            1. maintains shape and allows flexibility
                              1. Found in: external ear and epiglottis
                          2. Fibrocartilage
                            1. collagen fibres are present in large amounts
                              1. strength and ability to absorb compressive shock
                                1. Found in: Intervertebral discs Pubic symphysis Menisci
                        3. Osteoarthritis
                          1. Risk factors
                            1. Age/sex, disease, genetics, occupation, injury, weight, and muscle weakness
                            2. Clinical presentation
                              1. pain, stiffness, swelling, tenderness, and crepitus
                              2. Pathogenesis
                                1. trauma of genetic factors
                                  1. damage to articular cartilage or failure of abnormal cartilage under normal joint loading
                                    1. increase water in joint space
                                      1. Erotion
                                        1. Eburnation
                                          1. Bone cysts, osteophytes, sclerosis, and joint space narrowing
                                2. Treatment
                                  1. 1st line:
                                    1. Therapy: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, Tai chi yoga
                                    2. 2nd line:
                                      1. Medications: Acetaminophen, duloxetine, NSAID
                                        1. Glucosamine
                                          1. one of cartilage building blocks
                                            1. given as supplementation in osteoarthritis
                                            2. Contraindications:
                                              1. patients with shellfish allergy, Pregnant women, Cardiovascular disease, Impaired glucose tolerance
                                        2. 3rd line:
                                          1. Surgeries: Cortisone injection, Joint replacement, Realigning bones, Lubrication injection
                                        3. Diagnosis
                                          1. Arthrocentesis, x-ray, blood test, MRI
                                          2. Complications
                                            1. Reduced mobility, stress fractures, pinched nerve, osteonecrosis, chondrolysis
                                          3. Types of Arthritis and diagnostic tests
                                            1. Rheumatoid arthritis
                                              1. rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies.
                                              2. Fibromyalgia
                                                1. Blood test (FM/a )
                                                2. Psoriatic arthritis
                                                  1. Close to gout and rheumatoid arthritis
                                                  2. Gout
                                                    1. joint fluid analysis for uric acid crystals
                                                    2. Septic arthritis
                                                      1. Joint fluid analysis
                                                      2. Systemic lupus erythematosus
                                                        1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Kidney and liver assessment or biopsy, Urinalysis,
                                                        2. Ankylosing Spondylitis
                                                          1. Reactive arthiritis
                                                            1. Joint fluid tests (White blood cell count, Infections)
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