875366
Description
Mind Map by lottienilsen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by lottienilsen
almost 10 years ago
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Eukaryotic Cell Ultrastucture
- Ribosome
- A very small organelle
not bounded by a
membrane, consisting of
a large and small
subunit. It is made up of
protein and RNA
- Uses the information
in nucleic acids to
synthesise proteins
- A very small organelle
not bounded by a
membrane, consisting of
a large and small
subunit. It is made up of
protein and RNA
- Cell Membrane
- A phospholipid
bilayer with intrinsic
and extrinsic protein
molecules
- A partially permeable
barrier which controls the
passage of substances
into and out of the cell
- A phospholipid
bilayer with intrinsic
and extrinsic protein
molecules
- Nucleus & Nucleolus
- Large organelle enclosed by
a double membrane
(envelope) perforated by
pores. Contains chromosomes
and one or more nuclei
- Chromosomes contain DNA
which controls the synthesis
of proteins. Ribosomes are
formed on the nucleolus
- Large organelle enclosed by
a double membrane
(envelope) perforated by
pores. Contains chromosomes
and one or more nuclei
- Smooth & Rough ER
- A complex network of
flattened
membrane-bound sacs
called cisternae. Often
has ribosomes on the
cytoplasmic side
- Forms a system of channels for transporting materials through the
cytoplasm One type has ribosomes on its surface and is the site of protein
synthesis
- A complex network of
flattened
membrane-bound sacs
called cisternae. Often
has ribosomes on the
cytoplasmic side
- Golgi Body
- A stack of membrane bound flattened sacs in the cytoplasm
- Receives protein synthesised on the ER and prepares
them for secretion from the cell. This often involves adding
carbohydrates to the proteins to make them glycoproteins
- A stack of membrane bound flattened sacs in the cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Have an outer membrane and an inner one
which is folded into cristae. Inside the inner
membrane is the matrix containing enzymes, a
circular DNA molecule and ribosomes
- The site of aerobic respiration and responsible for producing most of the ATP in a cell
- Have an outer membrane and an inner one
which is folded into cristae. Inside the inner
membrane is the matrix containing enzymes, a
circular DNA molecule and ribosomes
- Chloroplast
- Surrounded by 2 membranes. Contains a
matrix called stroma which has a system of
membranes running through it. these are
stacked in places to form grana containing
chlorophyll. Stroma contains circular DNA,
ribosomes and starch granules
- The organelle in which photosynthesis
takes place. Pigments capture the
energy of sunlight and transfer it to
chemical bonds
- Surrounded by 2 membranes. Contains a
matrix called stroma which has a system of
membranes running through it. these are
stacked in places to form grana containing
chlorophyll. Stroma contains circular DNA,
ribosomes and starch granules
- Cell Wall
- Consists of cellulose microfibrils and other polysaccharides
- Provides mechanical support and
protection. Prevents cell from
bursting
- Consists of cellulose microfibrils and other polysaccharides
- Lysosomes
- A vesicle containing digestive enzymes
- Responsible for
destroying worn out
organelles and for
digesting the contents
of vacuoles formed by
phagocytosis
- A vesicle containing digestive enzymes
- Centrioles
- A pair of
short
cylinders.
Each one is
made up of
nine
microtubules
- Form a spindle-shaped structure of
protein fibres on which the
chromosomes move during nuclear
division
- A pair of
short
cylinders.
Each one is
made up of
nine
microtubules
- Flagella
- Hair like extensions that stick out from the surface of a cell
- Causes whole cells to move.
Microtubules use energy from
ATP to slide over each other
causing movement
- Hair like extensions that stick out from the surface of a cell
- Cilia
- Same as flagella
- Occur in large numbers. Their movement
sweeps substances along
- Same as flagella
- Microtubules
- Fine tubular structure built of tubulin
and forms part of the cytoskeleton. In
eukaryotes only
- Give the cell structural support but can be assembled
and disassembled to transport organelles and
substances through the cytoplasm
- Fine tubular structure built of tubulin
and forms part of the cytoskeleton. In
eukaryotes only
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