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883915
3.10 Cholera
Description
A-Levels Biology U1 A-Level AQA (3 - Cells and movement in and out of them) Mind Map on 3.10 Cholera, created by moeingthelawn on 05/16/2014.
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biology u1 a-level aqa
3 - cells and movement in and out of them
a-levels
Mind Map by
moeingthelawn
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
moeingthelawn
almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary
3.10 Cholera
Caused by curved, rod-shaped bacterium called Vibrio cholerae
Symptoms
Diarrhoea
Dehydration
Some individuals act as carriers
Show few, if any, symptoms but still have the disease
Transmission
Ingestion of water or food contaminated with faecal material containing pathogen
Water not properly purified
Untreated sewage leaks
Preparing/serving food from people with faecal contamination of hands
Organisms that have fed on untreated sewage released into rivers/sea
Lack of clean water; poor sanitation; lack of basic house facilities
Process
Most Vibrio cholerae bacteria killed by acidic conditions in stomach
Remaining bacteria continue to small intestine
Bacteria use flagella to enter through mucus lining of epithelial wall
Bacteria produce toxic protein
Toxic part of protein enters epithelial cells
Ion channels of cell-surface membrane open
Chloride ions within epithelial cells flood into intestinal lumen
Loss of chloride ions in epithelial cells increases water potential of epithelial cells
Increase of chloride ions in lumen lowers water potential of lumen
By osmosis, water moves down concentration gradient from epithelial cells into lumen
Loss of ions in epithelial cells = concentration gradient of ions
By diffusion, ions move from surrounding tissues (inc. blood) into epithelial cells
Also establishes water potential gradient = by osmosis, water moves from blood and tissues into intestine
Loss of water from blood and tissues into intestine causes symptoms of cholera (diarrhoea, dehydration)
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