3.10 Cholera

Description

A-Levels Biology U1 A-Level AQA (3 - Cells and movement in and out of them) Mind Map on 3.10 Cholera, created by moeingthelawn on 05/16/2014.
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Mind Map by moeingthelawn, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by moeingthelawn almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

3.10 Cholera
  1. Caused by curved, rod-shaped bacterium called Vibrio cholerae
    1. Symptoms
      1. Diarrhoea
        1. Dehydration
          1. Some individuals act as carriers
            1. Show few, if any, symptoms but still have the disease
          2. Transmission
            1. Ingestion of water or food contaminated with faecal material containing pathogen
              1. Water not properly purified
                1. Untreated sewage leaks
                  1. Preparing/serving food from people with faecal contamination of hands
                    1. Organisms that have fed on untreated sewage released into rivers/sea
                      1. Lack of clean water; poor sanitation; lack of basic house facilities
                    2. Process
                      1. Most Vibrio cholerae bacteria killed by acidic conditions in stomach
                        1. Remaining bacteria continue to small intestine
                          1. Bacteria use flagella to enter through mucus lining of epithelial wall
                            1. Bacteria produce toxic protein
                              1. Toxic part of protein enters epithelial cells
                                1. Ion channels of cell-surface membrane open
                                  1. Chloride ions within epithelial cells flood into intestinal lumen
                                    1. Loss of chloride ions in epithelial cells increases water potential of epithelial cells
                                      1. Increase of chloride ions in lumen lowers water potential of lumen
                                        1. By osmosis, water moves down concentration gradient from epithelial cells into lumen
                                          1. Loss of ions in epithelial cells = concentration gradient of ions
                                            1. By diffusion, ions move from surrounding tissues (inc. blood) into epithelial cells
                                              1. Also establishes water potential gradient = by osmosis, water moves from blood and tissues into intestine
                                                1. Loss of water from blood and tissues into intestine causes symptoms of cholera (diarrhoea, dehydration)
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