B1 1.1 Keeping Healthy

A balanced diet contains the correct amounts of: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibre and Water
1. Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats: Release the energy you need to live and to build new cells
2. You need small amounts of vitamins and minerals for your body to work healthily
3. If you don't have a balanced diet then you will end up malnourished
Metabolic rate is the rate of chemical reactions in your cells
1. Things that effect your metabolic rate is: Age, Gender, The Amount of Activity You Do, Genes and The Proportion Of Muscle to Fat
If you take in more energy than you use, the excess is stored as fat! You do need some body fat to cushion your internal organs. Your fat also acts as an energy store for when you don't feel like eating
1. If you eat a lot more food then you need, this is a form of malnourishment and over time, you could become overweight or even obese.
You lose mass when the energy content of your food is less than the energy you use in your daily life
1. There are three main ways you can lose mass
  1. You can reduce the amount of energy you take in by cutting back the amount of food you eat. In particular, you can cut down on energy rich foods like biscuits, crisps and chips
  2. You can increase the amount of energy you use by doing more exercise
  3. But the best way is to do both!!! Reduce your energy intake and exercise more!!
In some parts of the world, many people are underweight and malnourished because there isn't enough food to eat
1. Civil wars, droughts and pests can all destroy local crops
2. Deficiency diseases, due to lack of mineral ions and vitamins, are common in both children and adults when they never have enough food. Deficiency diseases can also occur if you don't have a balanced diet
Inherited factors from your parents affect your appearance, such as the colour of your eyes. They also have a big effect on your health
1. They affect your metabolic rate (this affects how easily you lose and gain mass). Inherited factors affect the proportion of muscle to fat in your body. They also affect your risk of heart disease, partly because they influence the levels of cholesterol in your blood
The way your body balances cholesterol is an example of how an inherited factor can affect your health. You need cholesterol for your cell membranes and to make vital hormones.
1. There are two forms of cholesterol carried around your body in your blood. One form is healthy but the other can cause health problems. If the balance of your cholesterol levels is wrong, your risk of heart disease increases.
2. The way your liver deals with the fat in your diet and makes the different types of cholesterol is inherited from your parents. For most people, eating a balanced diet means your liver can keep the balance of cholesterol right.
3. Eating lots of high-fat food means you are likely to have raised levels of harmful cholesterol and an increased risk of heart disease. But 1 in every 500 people inherit factors which means they will have high levels of harmful cholesterol and an increased risk of heart disease whatever they eat.
These are some scientific explanations why exercise helps you to keep healthy
1. You're less likely to be overweight if you exercise regularly. This is partly because you'll be using more energy.
2. You will have more muscle tissue, which will increase your metabolic rate. If you can control your weight, you're less likely to be affected by problems such as arthritis, diabetes and high blood pressure
3. Your cholesterol levels are affected by exercise. Regular exercise lowers your blood cholesterol levels. It also helps the balance of the different types of cholesterol. When you exercise, your good cholesterol level goes up and the harmful cholesterol level goes down. This lowers your risk of heart disease and other health probems.
Infectious diseases are found all over the world, in every country. Some diseases are fairly mild ones, such as the common cold and tonsillitis. Other diseases are known killers, such as tetanus, influenza and HIV/Aids.
1. An infectious disease is caused by a microorganism entering and attacking your body. People can pass these microorganisms from one person to another. This is what we mean by infectious. Microorganisms which cause disease are called pathogens. Common pathogens are bacteria and viruses.
  1. Bacteria are single celled living organisms that are much smaller than animal and plant cells. Although some bacteria cause disease, many are harmless and some are really useful to us. We use them to make food like yoghurt and cheese, to treat sewage and to make medicines
    1. Bacteria simply split in two - they often produce toxins (poisons) which affect your body. Sometimes they directly damage your cells.
  2. Viruses are even smaller than bacteria. They usually have regular shapes. Viruses cause disease in every type of living organism from people to bacteria.
    1. Viruses take over the cells of your body as they reproduce, damaging and destroying the cells. They very rarely produce toxins.
  3. Common disease symptoms are a high temperature, headaches and rashes. These are caused by the damage and toxins produced by the pathogens. The symptoms also appear as a result and toxins produced by the pathogens. The symptoms also appear as a result of the way your body responds to the damage and toxins. You catch an infectious disease when you pick up a pathogen from someone else who is infected with the disease.
2. Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was a doctor in the mid-1850s. At the time, many women in hospital died from childbed fever a few days after giving birth. However, no one knew what caused it.
  1. Semmelweis noticed that his medical students went straight from dissecting a dead body to delivering a baby without washing their hands. He wondered if they were carrying the cause of disease from the corpses to their patients.
    1. Then another doctor cut himself while working on a body. He died from symptoms which were identical to childbed fever. Semmelweis was sure that the fever was caused by something that could be passed on - some kind of infectious agent. He insisted that his medical students wash their hands before delivering babies and immediately, fewer mother died from the fever.
      1. Semmelweis thought his evidence would prove to them that childbed fever was spread by doctors but his ideas were mocked
        Many doctors thought that childbed fever was God's punishment to women. No one has ever seen bacteria or viruses so it was hard to believe that disease was caused by something invisible passed from person to person. Also, doctors didn't like the idea that they might have been spreading disease. They were being told that their actions had killed patients instead of curing them.
        In hospitals today, bacteria such as MRSA, which are resistant to antibiotics, are causing lots of problems. Getting doctors, nurses and visitors to wash their hands more often is part of the answer

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B1 1.1 Keeping Healthy

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	Created by beth h almost 7 years ago