Post War 1945-1947

Description

(History-Tom) Mind Map on Post War 1945-1947, created by Meg Robinson on 16/05/2013.
Meg Robinson
Mind Map by Meg Robinson, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Tom Lea
Created by Tom Lea almost 11 years ago
Meg Robinson
Copied by Meg Robinson almost 11 years ago
Meg Robinson
Copied by Meg Robinson almost 11 years ago
Meg Robinson
Copied by Meg Robinson almost 11 years ago
Meg Robinson
Copied by Meg Robinson about 10 years ago
42
0

Resource summary

Post War 1945-1947
  1. Impact of War
    1. Economy
      1. Can no long afford empire

        Annotations:

        • Keynes estimated running of Empire to cost be £1.4 billion
        1. wartime debts to be paid

          Annotations:

          • USA funded UK during warIndia had footed the bill for wages for Indian soldiers £50 million/year Overall debt to India £1.3 billion
          1. reconstruction cost

            Annotations:

            • British cities destroyed in Blitz
            1. Downward trend in revenue from India exacerbated by war
            2. fear unrest
              1. Bombay mutinies 1946

                Annotations:

                • 20,000 soldiers mutiny Congress stop muitny - shows their power Demonstrates to Britian that the Army cannot be trusted - never used again
                1. proliferation of weapons after WWII

                  Annotations:

                  • Soldiers didn't hand back weapons when demobbed
                  1. Morale in army very low - everone wants to just go home!
                    1. nationalist campaigns during war
                      1. INA

                        Annotations:

                        • First serious armed uprising since Great Rebellion Issue of PoWs - causes anti-British feeling
                        1. Congress

                          Annotations:

                          • Quit India  Movement - turned violent Fear of renewed call for Civil dosobedience
                      2. fear of civil war
                        1. 1940 Muslim League demand seperate state
                          1. Muslim League took positions from resigned Congress ministers - increased tensions
                          2. change of British attitude
                            1. 1945 elections - Atlee PM

                              Annotations:

                              • Socialist - wants social reforms in Britain Wants reform in India too. Needs money - KEY FACTOR - NHS
                              1. Churchill voted out
                            2. Cabinet Mission
                              1. Offers

                                Annotations:

                                • choice between: Federal System - minimal input from the national govt - majority of power to rest with the provinical/state govts. After an unspecified time states could choose to break away (secede) OR  Seperate states
                                1. Britain hope to make the first offer a compromise both sides could accept
                                  1. Rejected by both ML and Congress
                                2. May Statement

                                  Annotations:

                                  • Rejected by Congress but accepted by ML Reinterpreted by Congress - British allow this ML reject - DAD
                                  1. States first option will be used as basis for indpendence despite no agreement
                                  2. Key People
                                    1. Sir Stafford Cripps

                                      Annotations:

                                      • Determined to succeed having failed in 1942 Very close to Gandhi and Congress - led to antagonism between groups.
                                      1. Pethick Lawrence

                                        Annotations:

                                        • a 'yes' man - nickname 'pathetic Lawrence'.  Tried to say yes to everything.  Rubbish negotiator.
                                    2. Direct Action Day
                                      1. Caused by failure of Cab Miss
                                        1. National Hartal - Peaceful mass movement
                                          1. Jinnah wants to show power of ML
                                            1. Everywhere except Calcutta the movement is peaceful
                                            2. Calcutta Killings

                                              Annotations:

                                              • 6,000 dead 20,000 wounded 100,000 homeless
                                              1. hartal quickly descends into violence
                                                1. Violence spreads across the North of India - rioting and disruption continue until independence
                                                2. Hindus, Mulsims, British all bear some responsibility
                                                  1. Majority of worst violence caused by gang warfare - movement hijacked by criminal underworld
                                                    1. Seen (by some) as point of no return for united India
                                                      1. Damages Jinnah's reputation
                                                    2. Mountbatten
                                                      1. Close relationship with Nehru

                                                        Annotations:

                                                        • Leads to friction with ML and JInnah in particular
                                                        1. Simla Moment

                                                          Annotations:

                                                          • Mountbatten shows Nehru his plans for independence - changes them when Nehru doesn't like them.
                                                        2. Very bad relationship with Jinnah
                                                          1. Given job largely due to royal connections

                                                            Annotations:

                                                            • Atlee wants to cover the end of empire with a little royal glamour
                                                            1. Plan Balkan

                                                              Annotations:

                                                              • Rubbish Plan - would never be accepted by Congress - could potentially have led to the complete break up of the sub continent   see Simla moment
                                                              1. Menon Plan

                                                                Annotations:

                                                                • Drafted in 3hrs - had to be checked by Nehru! based on May Statement gave very little time to carry out partition planning
                                                                1. 2 state solution
                                                                  1. Possible after Congress decided to accept partition in March 1947
                                                                2. Interim Govt

                                                                  Annotations:

                                                                  • Viceroy/Governor Gen of Exce Council - Wavell Nehru - Vice President (in control of foreign affairs) Patel - Home Affairs (security/law/secret services etc) Ali Khan - Muslim rep on Exec Council Jinnah - finance minister
                                                                  1. Stepping stone to independent govt.
                                                                    1. Seen by Patrick French as more significant than independence
                                                                      1. Splits when partition is decided upon
                                                                      2. Independence/partition
                                                                        1. 14/15th August 1947
                                                                          1. Huge amounts of migration and violence approx 1million dead
                                                                          Show full summary Hide full summary

                                                                          Similar

                                                                          Home Rule and Ghadr 1916
                                                                          Meg Robinson
                                                                          Ghadr movement flash cards
                                                                          Meg Robinson
                                                                          Mountbatten
                                                                          Meg Robinson
                                                                          Communal violence
                                                                          Meg Robinson
                                                                          Round Table Conferences
                                                                          Meg Robinson
                                                                          Post-War 1945-1947: Impact of War
                                                                          Meg Robinson
                                                                          1930-1934 Timeline
                                                                          Meg Robinson
                                                                          Menon Plan
                                                                          Meg Robinson
                                                                          Gandhi's Campaigns
                                                                          Meg Robinson
                                                                          The Calcutta Killings
                                                                          Meg Robinson