957459
Description
Mind Map by ekimlauretta, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ekimlauretta
almost 10 years ago
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Language Over Time
- Modern English
- West African languages
introduced through the
slave trade (America)
- The "Age of
Reason/Enlightenment"
had begun
- leading to an impact on
religious language
- leading to an impact on
religious language
- S. Johnson
Dictionary - 1755
- Industrial Revolution
- fundamental
changes were
made
- neologisms because
of: science & tech,
cities & factories,
new inventions
- fashion
- food
- leisure
- medicine
- chemistry
- psychology
- fashion
- fundamental
changes were
made
- Prescriptivism
- a strict set of rules that
identify correct &
incorrect use of
language
- a strict set of rules that
identify correct &
incorrect use of
language
- Romanticism movement
- Artistic, literary &
intellectual movement
- A reaction to the Industrial Revolution.
Also a revolt against the social & political
norms of the Age of Enlightenment and
against the scientific rationalism of nature
- Major impact on historiography,
education and natural sciences
- POLITICS:
Associated
with
LIBERALISM
&
RADICALISM
- Emphasis on emotions like
APPREHENSION,
HORROR & TERROR
- Elevated folk art and
ancient customs to a
noble status
- Gothic romance
- Edgar Allan Poe (US)
- Mary Shelley
- Charlotte/Emily Bronte
- Edgar Allan Poe (US)
- Artistic, literary &
intellectual movement
- Classic movement (Neoclassicism)
- Decorative & visual arts,
literature, theatre, music AND
architecture
- Drew inspiration from
"classical" art of Ancient
Greece and/or Rome
- Drew inspiration from
"classical" art of Ancient
Greece and/or Rome
- Competed with
romanticism
- Decorative & visual arts,
literature, theatre, music AND
architecture
- GRAMMAR
- non-finite
clauses
added to
formality
- Transitive
constructions
- "SO" was an
intensifier(?)
- Lots of semantic shifts
- non-finite
clauses
added to
formality
- West African languages
introduced through the
slave trade (America)
- Early Modern English
- RENAISSANCE
- voyages of
discovery
(chocolate)
- discoveries of
science
(pneumonia,
vacuum)
- new
inventions
(thermometer)
- development in
philosophy and politics
(chaos, argument,
probability, critic)
- between 10,000 & 12,000 new words
appeared (from alligator to yoghurt)
- voyages of
discovery
(chocolate)
- CAXTON'S
PRINTING PRESS,
1476
- Words were starting to become
standardised because of national
printing
- Words were starting to become
standardised because of national
printing
- LEXIS
- Many words
were "rejected"
(e.g.
illecebrous,
unconsellable)
- Word order is still varied
- narrowing, broadening,
amelioration and
pejoration
- Many words
were "rejected"
(e.g.
illecebrous,
unconsellable)
- GRAMMMAR
- Only regular noun inflection -s
- modal auxiliary 'shall' used for
all people (instead of 'will')
- Double
superlatives/comparatives
- thou/thee/thy use is
discontinued
- "its" was
introduced as the
possessive of "it"
- Multiple negative
- adverbs precede verbs
- adjectives
follow nouns
- no past tense
do
construction (I
walked not)
- Only regular noun inflection -s
- 1611: KING JAMES I BIBLE
- Monumental religious work
- We still get a lot of
phrases from the bible
- The apple of my eye
- a labour of love
- by the skin of his teeth
- The apple of my eye
- Monumental religious work
- TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
- Hangover -e from ME
- i/y and i/j interchangeable
- u/v used differently
(u in the middle of
words)
- introduction of TH
- Apostrophes used on plurals
(e.g. jelly's)
- PRONOUN DIFFERENCES
- EME: YOU
ME: THOU
(subject),
THEE (object)
- THY - possessive determiner
THINE - passive pronoun
- Plural - YE, YOU, YOURS
- Plural - YE, YOU, YOURS
- In the late 16th and 17th century, "YOU"
replaced "THOU" and "THEE"
- THY - possessive determiner
THINE - passive pronoun
- EME: YOU
ME: THOU
(subject),
THEE (object)
- Long 's' found in the middle of words
- Hangover -e from ME
- SHAKESPEARE
- Introduced almost 3,000 new words
- "lonely"
- "majestic"
- "bloody"
- "assassination"
- "lonely"
- MORE/MOST used
as intensifiers
- PHRASES
- "All that glitters isn't gold"
- "Fair play"
- "Green eyed monster"
- "Wear one's heart on one's sleeve"
- "All that glitters isn't gold"
- Introduced almost 3,000 new words
- RENAISSANCE
- Late Modern English
- more
awareness
and PC terms
- English has become
more of a global
language
- Black English
- Americanisms
- AMERICAN ENGLISH
- Ethnic group influences
- JEWS
- kosher
- spiel
- "I should know
already"
- kosher
- US BUSINESS
- downtime
- ball-park figure
- my/your people
- downtime
- SHOWBIZ TALK
- deadpan
- slapstick
- one-night stand
- deadpan
- PSYCHIATRIST
- psychobabble
- shrink
- stressed
out
- psychobabble
- CRIMINAL
- mugging
- whack
- junkie
- mugging
- JEWS
- Ethnic group influences
- AMERICAN ENGLISH
- Creoles/pidgins
- Much more borrowings/loan words
- sushi
- sarong
- burrito
- sushi
- Black English
- Introduction of a
TEEN CULTURE
- Tendency to
raise intonation at
end of declarative
AS IF IT IS AN
INTERROGATIVE
- Blamed on shows like "Neighbours"
- Blamed on shows like "Neighbours"
- Links such as "YOU KNOW" or
"SORT OF" been replaced by
"LIKE"
- More prone
to
Americanisms
- "BAD" to mean
"GOOD,
EXCELLENT"
- "BAD" to mean
"GOOD,
EXCELLENT"
- A desire to "tone
down" privileged
origins
- Black street culture, a strong
influence? - WIGGER
SPEAK?
- Blinglish (A
Jamaican patois)
- Adults find black music and
culture inaccessible and
shocking
- "BUFF", "MAMPI",
"COTCH", "HENCH",
"STANDARD"
- Blinglish (A
Jamaican patois)
- Influence from celebrities
- Cultures WITHIN Teen Culture
- Goths
- Homies
- Punks
- Skaters
- Hippies
- Goths
- Tendency to
raise intonation at
end of declarative
AS IF IT IS AN
INTERROGATIVE
- New Technologies
- influx of new words
because of new
developments in
technology
- iPhone, iPad etc
- Text Speak
- Abbreviations
- Clippings
- Relaxed attitude
to grammar
- Abbreviations
- Internet & cyberspace
- eMail
- eMail
- influx of new words
because of new
developments in
technology
- Television
Programmes introduce
more words
- "GEEZER" used to mean
a man but also someone
who is admired for
breaking the rulers
- "GEEZER" used to mean
a man but also someone
who is admired for
breaking the rulers
- More dictionaries!
- Oxford English Dictionary
- Urbandictionary
- Oxford English Dictionary
- Reasons for
language changes?
- Blurring of class structure
- Education
- Public broadcasting
- Film & video
- New accents
- Less social stigma
- New accents
- American
influence
- Rise of urbanisation
- Global
communications
(internet, telegraph)
- Blurring of class structure
- more
awareness
and PC terms
- Middle English
- Language not standardised
- hangover -e
- fixed word order
- prepositions instead of inflections
- large influx of French words which limit
effect on grammar (words narrow in
meaning, for instance 'apple'
- By 1325, everyone
knows English. Some
know Latin/French
- 1362: English is used for
court business and other
high powered-things
- CHAUCER
- Canterbury tales written
at the end of 14th
century
- Writings influence by antiquity
(Oid & Virgil) and Italian and
French poetry (Dante)
- Canterbury tales written
at the end of 14th
century
- a.k.a. Anglo-Norman
- 1382: Wycliffe's Bible
- Language not standardised
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