P4a - Sparks

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GCSE PHYSICS (P4) Mind Map on P4a - Sparks, created by Chloe.Sharland on 06/05/2014.
Chloe.Sharland
Mind Map by Chloe.Sharland, updated more than 1 year ago
Chloe.Sharland
Created by Chloe.Sharland over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

P4a - Sparks
  1. Static electricity
    1. Conductors and Insulators
      1. Metals are good conductors, which means that electric charges move easily through them.
        1. Materials such as plastic, wood, glass and polythene are insulators, this means they don't allow electric charges to move through them.
          1. Some insulators can become electrically charged when they're rubbed together.
          2. How can you tell if an insulator is charged?
            1. If a plastic rod is rubbed with a duster it attracts small pieces of paper
              1. When a balloon is rubbed on a jumper it can stick to a wall.
            2. Positive & Negative charges
              1. Objects can be positively charged, negatively charged or neutral (no charge).
                1. A substance that gains electrons becomes negatively charged, while a substance that loses electrons becomes positively charged.
                  1. When an acetate rod is rubbed with a duster, electrons are transferred from the rod onto the duster, making the rod positively charged.
                    1. Atoms or molecules that become charged are ions.
                    2. Electric shocks
                      1. You can get an electrostatic shock from charged objects, such as clothing made from nylon.
                        1. You can get an electrostatic shock if you are charged & you touch something that is earthed.
                          1. Problems with static electricity
                            1. Dust and dirt is attracted to insulators such as TV screens and computer monitors
                              1. Clothes made from synthetic materials often cling to each other and to the body, especially just after they've been in a tumble drier.
                                1. There are flammable gases or vapours or a high concentration of oxygen. A spark could ignite the gases and cause an explosion
                                  1. You touch something with a large electric charge on it. The charge will flow through your body causing an electric shock. This could cause burns or even stop your heart.
                                2. Safety measures
                                  1. The chance of receiving an electric shock can be reduced if:
                                    1. An object that might become charged is earthed by an earth wire, so any charge immediately flows down the earth wire
                                      1. In a factory, machinery operators stand on insulating mats or wear shoes with insulating soles. Stopping any charge flowing through them to earth.
                                        1. Lorries containing flammable gases, liquids and powders are earthed by an earth wire before being unloaded. Charge immediately flows down the earth wire preventing a spark/ explosion.
                                        2. Anti-static sprays, liquids and cloths prevent the build-up of charge by allowing it to conduct away.
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