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Renal System (Part of)
- Anatomy
- Kidney
- Function
- Regulating
- blood electrolyte composition by excreting excessive ions into urine
- blood pH be excreting/conserving H+ or bicarbonate ions
- Blood volume by conserving/eliminating water
- blood pressure via blood volume and by RAAS and ANP
- blood electrolyte composition by excreting excessive ions into urine
- Mantaining
- blood osmolarity by excreting excessive ions into urine
- blood osmolarity by excreting excessive ions into urine
- Excreting
- Waste products e.g urea, ammonia
- Waste products e.g urea, ammonia
- Producing
- Hormones e.g. EPO , calcitriol = producing enzyme renin = production of angiotensin and aldosterone
- Hormones e.g. EPO , calcitriol = producing enzyme renin = production of angiotensin and aldosterone
- Regulating
- Function
- Kidney
- Physiology
- Components
- Nephron
- Renal Corpscle
- Glomerulus
- glomerular capsule
- Glomerulus
- Renal tubule
- Renal Corpscle
- Nephron
- Hormones and its effect
- Aldosterone
- Promotes tubular reabsorption of Na+ = increased water reabsorption
- Decreased urine output
- Promotes tubular reabsorption of Na+ = increased water reabsorption
- Antidiuretic hormone
- Increases water permeability in nephron = increased water reabsorption
- decreased urine output
- Increases water permeability in nephron = increased water reabsorption
- Atrial natriuretic peptide
- Inhibits tubular reabsorption of Na+ = decreased water reabsorption
- Increased urine output
- Inhibits tubular reabsorption of Na+ = decreased water reabsorption
- Aldosterone
- Urine formation
- Glomerular formation ; filtration/movement of water and small solutes from
Glomerulus to the Glomerular Capsule due to blood pressure
- Tubular reabsorption ; process of selectively returning
back useful substances from the filtrate back to the blood
- e..g. Glucose , amino acids , water , Na+ , Cl- , Ca2+ , H+ , HCO3-
- e..g. Glucose , amino acids , water , Na+ , Cl- , Ca2+ , H+ , HCO3-
- Tubular secretion = selective removal of
additional wastes from blood to the filtrate
- e.g. H+ and K +
- e.g. H+ and K +
- Glomerular formation ; filtration/movement of water and small solutes from
Glomerulus to the Glomerular Capsule due to blood pressure
- Full cycle from blood to excretion
- Ageing
- Kidney shrink
- nephrons decrease in size and number
- nephrons decrease in size and number
- Glomerular filtration rate decreases
- inability to compensate for fluid overload
- inability to compensate for fluid overload
- Tubule cells become less effeicient
- inability to compensate for dehydration
- inability to compensate for dehydration
- Bladder capacity decreases
- Urinary retention
- commonly in elderly men due to prostate enlargement
- commonly in elderly men due to prostate enlargement
- Kidney shrink
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