social studies renaissance

RENAISSANCE classical writings- writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans humanists- philosophers who believed that humans were important renaissance- (rebirth) a time when people became less concerned with the mysteries of the heavens/ gods and more interested with people around them Italy- first/ leading center of the renaissance city- states (Florence, Venice, papal states) had grown wealthy from trade  city- states were first ruled by guilds and then powerful families took control these leaders spent money on ceremonies and had churches and palaces built to impress the people also encourages scholars, poets, and philosophers to build palace schools to educate the sons of the rick they would study the classical writings and learn good manners (also would wrestle, fence, and swim rest of the day) ART  city states often competed for the services of certain painters and sculptors (artist  knew they were inconstant + began to seek honor/ attention) renaissance artist paid attention to the detail of nature  perspective- a way of showing objects as they appear at different distances artist studied the structure of the human body and experimented with light, color, and shade,  began painting/ sculpting works that were true to life/ full of color  good artist were given money by rulers of city- states and in return were expected to make painting and sculptures for rulers palaces artist tried to paint peoples facial features to show what people were really like (portraits were usually painted to honor dead/ famous people, then only wealthy merchants would have his portrait painted Leonardo Da vinvi+ Mona Lisa (portrait of an Italian noblewoman) and the last supper (Jesus and twelve duciphuls at the last meal before Jesus `s death Da vinvi was also an inventor (ex: parachute, flying machine) Michelangelo- Sistine chapel (painted scenes from the bible on ceiling) and the Pieta (dead Christ in Mary's arms) CITY LIFE  gathered to talk or carry out businesses, and parades/ ceremonies were celebrated there  Italian renaissance cities had narrow paved streets with open sewers merchants and shopkeepers lived on top floor of the building that housed their shops the rich built homes in the classical style (large rooms, high ceilings) the poor worked for low wages and in overcrowded, run- down areas center of city life was the piazza, or central square markets were set up there where goods were traded, people families+ close- knit lived and worked in the same neighborhood, marriages were arranged, basically business deals, women raised household/ children men worked/ talked with friends clothing+ men dressed in tights and tunics or cloaks and caps, women in simple, flowing dresses, the rich wore brightly colored clothing made from expensive silk and velvet RENAISSANCE ENGLAND  1455- 2 families, the Yorks and the Lancasters began the fight for the throne of England Yorkist symbol= white rose Lancastrian symbol= red rose  the struggle was called the war of roses when the war ended (30 years later) the Tudors, who  fought alongside the Lancastrers, took over the throne Henry 7th, 1st Tudor king, prepared the way for the renaissance in England made the monarchy stronger and built up trade  Henry 8th, the next king, encouraged art and literature England looked towards Renaissance Italy for new consents/ ideas English renaissance reached its height during the region of Henry's daughter, Elizabeth 1st became queen when she was 35 during this time, poetry, instruments were created, and plays became popular 1850- the 1st theaters in England were built  stages stood out in the open most of the audience did sit under some type of cover those who couldn't pay for seats stood in the pit, or the open area in the front of the theater sides of the stage since there was no electricity, they had afternoon preformenses  William Shakespeare was on of the best known English play writes, or author of plays ideas for his plays come from the histories of England and ancient Rome most famous play is Romeo and Juliet  RENAISSANCE FRANCE french kings invaded Italy and became fascinated with Italian architecture, art, and fashion king Francis 1st arranged for Italian artisans to work in France  he and other nobles hired Italians architects to design chateaux, or French castles Francis 1st encouraged French authors to model their works on those of Italian authors  Rabelais, a physician- monk, believed that humans were not tied down by their past and could do what ever they wanted to  he wrote a popular book, the Adventures of Gargantua, and Pantagruel, which the 2 main characters were 2 comical giants RENAISSANCE GERMANY AND FLANDERS religious scholars learned Greek and Hebrew so that they could understand the earliest versions of the bible German and Flemish scholars decided that church leaders have interrupted the bible to suit their own needs and also decided changes needed to be made to make church teachings simpler Erasman, a Dutch scholar, made new Latin translations of the New Testament he also wrote Praise of Folly, a book that attacked corrupt church leaders and practiced a German named Johannes Gutenberg developed a printing press and as a result, books could be quickly printed by machine rather than slowly written by hand this made many more books available to the people and new ideas spread rapidly through Europe Northern Europe artist studied Italian works of art and then developed their own styles by painting scenes form the bible and daily life Hubert and Jan Vac Eydk discovered how to paint in oils the colors of the oil paintings were deep and rich 

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