CALLA Approaches and Methodologies in ESL - created from Mind Map

Page 1

Language experience approach (LEA)

Balanced reading approach

Inquiry approach

Process writing

Cooperative learning

Standards-based instruction

Literacy across the curriculum

Developed for native English-speaking students as a way of providing support for initial literacy experiences

Students learn that what is said can be written down and that what has been written down can be read

Based philosophically on the notion that students' prior experience needs to be used as a bridge to new ideas and concepts

In this approach, students talk about personal experiences that are written down by teachers or another student

Vocabulary and grammatical structures are experienced first within the language base known by students

encompasses many of the same principles that underlie CALLA's approach to literacy development and is particularly advantageous with beginning level and preliterate ELLs.

Based on evidence showing that children do not learn to read in only one way, but that individual variation in literacy development is normal

Instruction should be tailored to each child's preferred approach to initial reading

Classroom activities: reading, aloud by the teacher, journal writing, story writing, sustained silent reading, discussions about both factual and inferential information in reading selections, student choice in reading materials, and frequent conferences with the teacher and other students about what is being read and written.

Students who have already learned to read in their first language may prefer to approach English reading through explicit instruction in the alphabet, decoding by using phonics, grouping word families, and analyzing individual words

Combines phonics instruction with reading authentic texts that include both stories and informational writing

The CALLA model espouses this type of literacy approach in which the teacher discovers how individual students learn best, finds out how (or if) they learned to read in their first language, and differentiates instruction accordingly

Any activity aimed at extracting meaning from experience

Can be used in any subject area

Based on learner-centered activities in which students construc understanding of ideas and relationships

Students seen as co-constructors of knowledge

Lessons are planned with activities that move students through an inquiry cycle designed to help them learn from experiences rather solely from the teacher or textbooks

Teachers foster the development of higher-order thinking skills by asking challenging questions, modeling the learning process, and engaging in interactive dialogue with students

An example of an inquiry approach lesson would be a STEAM or STEM activity

Students learn that writing involves thinking, reflection, and multiple revisions

ELLs can profit from instruction in writing strategies

The writing process includes: thinking about ideas, jotting ideas down, organizing ideas, developing a draft, making revisions, asking peers for comments, and continuing to make more revisions

Helps students develop confidence and increased skill in their writing

Students work in carefully selected and organized groups on learning tasks that are structured so that students share in the responsibility for completing the task

Provides multiple opportunities for students to engage in active practice of language and content within a social context

Benefits include: additional practice with academic English, the use of the first language to draw on prior knowledge, the incorporation of content into ESL classes, and the opportunity for students to become more independent learners

Students of varying degrees of linguistic proficiency and content knowledge work in a group setting that fosters mutual learning rather than competitiveness

Lesson topics based on national/state standards in the different content subjects

Instruction based on grade level

Teachers have been provided with an outline of what they should teach in each content subject and at each grade level

For example, it is a standard that students learn multiplication in 3rd grade

Focuses on the language demands of content subjects and seeks to integrate literacy and content instruction

Seeks to infuse language teaching and learning into all areas of the curriculum

All teachers carry out language-development activities associated with their individual content areas

In this method, language skills are developed and practiced in all subject areas