PHONOLOGY - created from Mind Map

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WHAT IS PHONOLOGY?

SYLLABLES

SYLLABLES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

STRESS

WEAK FORMS

PHONETICS: Study of possible sounds which can be made with vocal tract

PHONOLOGY: How a particular language uses those possibilities

Rules and Regulations

HOW TO DEFINE?

TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY

At least one vowel

MUST contain a loud centre with little obstruction (usually a vowel)

MAY BE sounds on either side

NUCLEUS : Core of sylllable (VOWEL)

ONSET : All consonants before nucleus (OPTIONAL)

CODA : All after Nucleus (OPTIONAL)

NUCLEUS + CODA = RIME

IN ENGLISH

IN OTHER LANGUAGES

IN CHILD SPEECH

The formula allowed for ENGLISH - Co3 V Co4

All languages allow onsets, but not all allow codas (Eg Hawaiian)

Noem langs only allow 1 coda consonant (Japanese)

First words often made up of CV structure (mama, dada)

As they get older move to more complex structures

Still have problems with clusters in adult target

'glove' [g^V} cluster reduction

'Glove' [gel^V] epenthesis (adding a vowel)

SYLLABLES = Stressed or unstressed

STRESS IN CHILDS SPEECH

STRESS IN SENTENCES

Stressed sound more prominent

Dessert and Desert - differ on lexical level due to stress

louder

longer

Higher pitch

Young children sometimes delete unstressed, in multisyllabic words

weak syllable deletion

Not all words in sentence are stressed

If a word is stressed, will be in same place as in isolation

Occasionally stress can shift, but this is rare

'Chinese takeaway', names...

A strong form is the way we say it in isolation

COMPULSORY WEAK FORMS

Monosyllabic words which get weakened easily

Different from water with a schwa

Sentence - less time to say words, so syllables (esp vowels) are weakened

Strong form of monosyllabic word

stressed

full vowels (not schwas)

Around 40 words where weak forms are obligatory in an unstressed position

fish and chips - fish n chips

n allowed as it is a sonorant vowel

similar to 'l'

vowel reduction