Solutions, separating mixtures, matter and heat notes

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A solute is a substance that is dissolved in the solvent

A solvent is a liquid the solute is dissolved in

A solution is 2 or more substances physically mixed together in a solvent

A dilute solution is when there is a large amount of solvent particles and a small amount of solute particles

A concentrated solution is when there is a small amount of solvent particles and a large amount of solute particles

CHROMATOGRAPHY:

Chromatography is uesd to separate 2 or more different coloured pigments. You get a test tube, and put about 2cm worth of chromatography solution. Then you get some chromatography paper and draw a ling just above the 2cm. Then you drop your pigment ow the line, and then putting the chromatography paper into the solution. You put your test tube in a test tube rack, and wait for the pigments to climb up the chrmatography per. Chromatography is used to find out what different colours are in a pigment, or doctor's use chromatography to figure out if people take drugs or not

CONDUCTION:

Conduction is heat transferred through solids. A good conductor is metal and a bad conductor is plastic, which is also know as an insulator

CONVECTION:

Convection is heat transferred through liquids and gases

RADIATION:

Radiation is heat transferred through solids, liquids, gases and vacuums, like space. They transfer heat from electromagnetic waves and don't need any sort of material

COMPARE AND CONTRAST CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION IN THE EXAMPLE OF WATER BOILING OVER HOT COALS ABOVE:

Conduction is when heat is transferred through solids but convection is when heat is transferred through liquids and gases. When water is boiling, convection is happening inside the water. The particles are near the heat, so they expand and become less dense. But because they become less dense, they rise to the top of the beaker. But at the top of the beaker, there is not much heat so the particles cool, causing the distance between the particles decrease, which makes them denser, and so they sink. This is a cycle

EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENS TO THE WATER PARTICLES WHEN THEY GO THROUGH THE CHANGE OF STAT NAMED ABOVE:

energy is added and the particles expand. The bonds between the particles become weaker and break, making them spread out. The liquid has turned into a gas, which is also known as vapour.