Carbohydrates - created from Mind Map

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Functions

Monosaccharides: one sugar cannot be hydrolysed

Disaccharides: 2 monosachharides joined by a glycosidic bond

Polysaccharides

A compound with three or more carbon atoms which has an aldehyde or keytone functional group and two or more functional groups

Energy Storage

Structural

Extenders of protein function

Informational Molecules

Triose (3C)

Tetrose (4C)

Pentose (5C)

Hexose (6C)

Glyceraldehyde one chiral Carbon

Dihydroxyacetone no chiral Carbon

Aldotetrose two chiral carbons (diasteromers)

Ketotetrose one chiral carbon (enatiomers)

Aldopentoses three chiral carbons (8 stereoisomers)

Keytopentose two chiral carbons (4 stereoisomers)

Aldohexoses four chiral carbons (16 stereoisomers)

Keytohexose three chiral carbons (8 stereoisomers)

Maltose

Lactose

Sucrose

2 D-Glucose joined by glycosidic bond

Major component of glycogen

Bond linking 2 glucose units is called alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond

Insoluble and occurs naturally in milk

Beta 1-4 glycosidic bond

Composed of D- galactose and D-glucose

Main component of table sugar

Composed of glucose and fructose

Glycosidic bond is between C1 of glucose and C2 of fuctose. It is different to maltose and lactose as anomeric carbon atoms are involved in bond formation and no alpha beta isomers

Homopolysaccharides: only single type of monosaccharide

Heteropolysaccharides: two or more monosachharides and can be branched or unbranched

Starch 'energy storage of plants'

Glycogen 'main storage of polysaccharides of animal cells'

Cellulose

Amylose: water soluble, linear, linked at 1-4 C

Amylopectin: insoluble, linear at 1-4 C, branched at 1-6 C

1-4 C linear

1-6 C branched

linear consisting of glucose

Difference with amylose is the 1-4 linkages are B1-4 linkages which give rise to extended chains opposed to loose helices

Parallel chains are linked by hydrogen bonds which makes it strong

Peptidoglycans

Proteoglycans

Glycoproteins

Peptide linked polysaccharides in the cell wall of bacteria

glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) covalently linked to core proteins

Protein linked polysaccharides