US Supreme Court case - created from Mind Map

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14th Amendment

Fourteenth Amendment,  amendment(1868) to the Constitution of the United States that granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the American Civil War, including them under the umbrella phrase “all persons born or naturalized in the United States.” In all, the amendment comprises five sections, four of which began in 1866 as separate proposals that stalled in legislative process and were later amalgamated, along with a fifth enforcement section, into a single amendment.

Their purpose is meant to ensure that people are treated fairly if suspected or arrested for crimes.

First Amendment,

The First Amendment guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition. It forbids Congress from both promoting one religion over others and also restricting an individual's religious practices.

Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987)Holding: Students do not have a First Amendment right to make obscene speeches in school.

Their purpose is meant to ensure that people are treated fairly if suspected or arrested for crimes.

2nd Amendment

The Second Amendment to the Constitution (ratified on December 15, 1791) states:

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Court cases

Caetano v. Massachusetts, 136 S. Ct. 1027 (2016)

aime Caetano was charged with owning an illegal weapon after displaying a stun gun during a dangerous encounter with her abusive ex-boyfriend in Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) upheld the state prohibition on stun gun possession, stating stun guns weren’t protected by the Second Amendment 

Their purpose is meant to ensure that people are treated fairly if suspected or arrested for crimes.

4th Amendment

Fourth Amendment

Fourth Amendment Explained

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Court cases

 Mapp vs. Ohio In a case called Mapp vs. Ohio, 1961, the Supreme Court extended 4th Amendment restrictions to all state governments. Before this time, the 4th Amendment was only applied to the Federal Government

Their purpose is meant to ensure that people are treated fairly if suspected or arrested for crimes.

5th Amendment

Fifth Amendment

Fifth Amendment Explained

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

The Fifth Amendment right to counsel was recognized as part of Miranda v. Arizona and refers to the right to counsel during a custodial interrogation;

Their purpose is meant to ensure that people are treated fairly if suspected or arrested for crimes.

6th Amendment

Sixth Amendment

Sixth Amendment Explained

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

The Sixth Amendment ensures the right to effective assistance of counsel during the critical stages of a criminal prosecution.

US Court Cases:

Sixth Amendment Court Cases The Barker vs. Wingo , 1972, case lays out the Court's method for determining if someone's right to a speedy trial has been violated. The Court decided that Speedy Trial Clause violation claims must be decided on a case by case basis, but they did identify four factors that might affect the decision for lower courts to follow.

Their purpose is meant to ensure that people are treated fairly if suspected or arrested for crimes.

8th Amendment

Eighth Amendment

Eighth Amendment Explained

Excessive bail shall not be require, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Their purpose is meant to ensure that people are treated fairly if suspected or arrested for crimes.