Section 1 - Learning from data - created from Mind Map

Types of variable Qualitative data - take values from a set of categories Quantitative data - take values on a numerical scale Data sets Nominal - no natural order Ordinal - natural order e.g. colour, address e.g. degree classification, place in a competition Continuous Discrete Univariate Multivariate

Describing distributions Graphs Statistics Boxplots Histograms - show the frequencu with which observations of QUANTITATIVE variable fall in specified intervals Scatter Plots Empirical Distribution Function - show the proportion of observation that fall below a specified value (uses the indicator function.) Quantile-quantile plot - uses order statistics and gives a comparison of two distributions Location - describes where on the numerical scale the data tends to fall Shape - whether a distribution is symmetric or not Scale - describes how far the data is spread across the numerical scale Sample statistic - any quantity calculated from a sample Mean Median - (resistant) Mode Quantiles - uses order statistics! Product moment correlation co-efficient Yule-Kendall statistic Positive/Negative skew Standard Deviation Inter-quartile range Variance Range

Association Graphically Numerically Scatter plot Covariance Correlation

Section 1 - Learning from data