Memory Study Guide

What is memory? (define it)the retention ( fact of keeping) information or experience over time

Distinguish between memory encoding and memory storage. Encoding (input) info gets into our memory Storage- how information is kept and how information is represented in memory

Attention

Why is attention important to memory?Attention is how we encode, store and retrieve our memories. If we don't have a full undivided attention on something, then whatever it is not stored into our memories which fails the memory process.

Does divided attention or sustained attention better support memory (retention)? Why?Divided attention - it does not better support memory retention because we concentrate on more than one activity at the same time which can be only be stored as short-term memory, not fully developing a memory retention for a prolong period. Sustained attention- IS better to support memory retention because it allows us to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolong period. It can help with long-term memory.

Processing, Elaboration & Imagery

What do "Levels of processing," "Elaboration," and "Imagery" have to do with the ease with which we remember something?Levels of processing helps by forming a deeper process to help better memory. The levels of processing start with shallow to intermediate to deep. Example could be a waiter remembering a customer's face and to imagine the customer eating the food they ordered is deep processing. Elaboration helps by creating a number of different connection around a stimulus at any given level of memory encoding. It is like creating a spider web of links between new information and everything one already knows. The more elaborate the processing, the better memory will be. Deep elaborate processing is more powerful to remember Imagery also helps by creating a mental image of the things we want to remember in a more lasting portrait.

Atkinson-Shiffrin Theory

Describe the Atkinson-Shiffrin Theory of memory storage including what type of information and for how long is held in each memory system.The theory is that memory storage involves three separate systems: Sensory memory- holds information from the world in its original sensory form. time frame is of a fraction of a second to several seconds Short-term memory- any type of information. time frame is 30 seconds unless it is rehearsed. Long-term memory- any type of information. time frame is lifetime.

Übungsfragen

In Explicit Memory system, what is the difference between "Episodic," and "Semantic Memory"? Episodic - the information of our lives. When, where, what happened in our lives Semantic - the information about the world. One's expertise. Reading, writing, etc

What do we mean by Memory Retrieval and how do the Serial Position Effect, Primacy and Recency tend to impact retrieval?Memory Retrieval is process of accessing stored memories. Serial Position effect is the tendency to recall the items at the beginning and of a list more than the middle. The tendency to recall the beginning is Primacy. The tendency to recall the end is Recency. This impacts memory retrieval by not being able to retain of what is in the middle of our list.

What is implicit Memory?It is previous experiences aid the performance of a task without conscious awareness of these previous experiences.What are memory "Schemas" and "Scripts"? Schemas - a preexisting mental concept or framework that helps people to organize & interpret info. Scripts - schema for events

Autobiographical memories - episodic memories of own life events Reminiscence bump - tendency to remember the 2nd and 3rd decade of own life Flashbulb memory- memory of emotion significant events