Quiz
IBS Set 5 Quiz - Genetics
Perguntas do quiz (40)
1What are promoter regions of DNA?
- AGene regulatory elements that tell RNA polymerase to perform transcription.
- BGene regulatory elements that tell DNA polymerase to perform transcription.
- CGene regulatory elements that tell RNA polymerase to perform translation.
- DGene regulatory elements that tell DNA polymerase to perform translation.
2Transcription factors bind to regulatory sequences and cause what?
- ARecruitment of RNA polymerase
- BRecruit of DNA polymerase
3What does the green question mark represent?
- ANucleosome
- BChromosome
- CTelomere
- DPromoter region
4The green arrow is pointing to what?
- ALinker DNA
- BCore DNA
5The nucleosome is made up of what components?
- AHistone octamer of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
- BCore DNA
- CLinker DNA
- DHistone tetramer of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
6SRY is a transcription factor on the Y chromosome. It's absence/mutation leads to...?
- AAbsence of the male phenotype, leading to production of a female phenotype.
- BAbsence of the female phenotype, leading to production of the male phenotype.
7The Y gene of the XY male genotype is gene-poor. What are two dosage compensation mechanisms that could help to equal gene expression levels in both males and females.
- AUpregulation of transcription of the X male chromosome
- BInactivation of one of the X female chromosomes
- CAddition of an extra X chromosome in the male XY genotype
8Epigenetics produces multiple phenotypes from the same genotype.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
9Diploid cells have a single copy of an allele.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
10Autosomal conditions are genetic conditions that occur on non-sex chromosomes.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
11An X-linked condition will only affect the phenotype of a female if the copies of the allele on each X chromosomes are abnormal.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
12Achondroplasia (dwarfism) is what type of condition?
- AAutosomal dominant
- BAutosomal recessive
13Albinism is what type of condition?
- AAutosomal recessive
- BAutosomal dominant
14How might a child have achondroplasia despite the parents not having it?
- AParent(s) are carriers
- BPaternity (social father)
- CMutation in sperm/egg
15How can two parents that have albinism have a child without albinism?
- AAlbinism is autosomal recessive. This means that any child born to parents who both have albinism should also have albinism as there are no dominant traits in the parents as their genotypes are both homozygous recessive. The reason for the absence of albinism is because the mutated copies in the parents could differ in that the fathers two copies could inhibit a different enzyme in the metabolic pathway that leads to lack of pigment than the mothers. The child will inherit one copy from the father and one copy from the mother and therefore only 50% of each originally fully mutated pathway is inhibited and thus may still be able to produce sufficient melanin.
- BAlbinism is autosomal dominant. This means that any child born to parents who both have albinism should also have albinism as there are no dominant traits in the parents as their genotypes are both homozygous dominant. The reason for the absence of albinism is because the mutated copies in the parents could differ in that the fathers two copies could inhibit a different enzyme in the metabolic pathway that leads to lack of pigment than the mothers. The child will inherit one copy from the father and one copy from the mother and therefore only 50% of each originally fully mutated pathway is inhibited and thus may still be able to produce sufficient melanin.
16Haemophilia results in blood clotting problems due to factor 7 deficiency.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
17Females are more likely to suffer from haemophilia
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
18Phenylketonuria is a disorder resulting from the production of phenylketones due to mutation in what enzyme?
- APhenylalanine hydroxylase
- BCarbonic anhydrase
- CPhenylalanine anhydrase
- DTyrosine hydroxylase
19What are some causes of variation?
- ASelection pressure
- BGenetic drift
- CFounder effect
- DBottleneck
- EEthnic group selection (HbS)
20How many pairs of autosomal chromosomes do most humans have?
- A22
- B1
- C23
- D46
- E44
21Mitosis is important for what?
- AGrowth
- BRepair
- CTumour growth
- DSpermatogenesis
- EOogenesis
22What is crossing over?
- AExchange of genetic information between homologous pairs of chromosomes which produces recombinant chromosomes.
- BThe random assortment (lining up) of chromosomes that end up in the gametes.
23What is independent assortment?
- AExchange of genetic information between homologous pairs of chromosomes which produces recombinant chromosomes.
- BThe random assortment (lining up) of chromosomes that end up in the gametes.
24When does independent assortment occur?
- AFirst meiotic division
- BSecond meiotic division
25Chromosomal non-disjunction describes the failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate in the first or second division in meiosis or during mitosis.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
26Chromosomal non-disjunction can lead to trisomy of sex chromosomes.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
27The following picture shows the process of meiosis in males
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
28The following picture shows chromosomal non-disjunction of the...
- AFirst division
- BSecond division
29The following picture shows chromosomal non-disjunction during female meiosis.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
30Meiotic non-disjunction occurs pre-embryonically and therefore all cells are effected.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
31Mitotic non-disjunction occurs during embryonic division so there may be a mix of normal and abnormal cells, resulting in an abnormal conceptus.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
32How does trisomy 21 (aka Down's) occur?
- AOne copy of the mother's C21 translocates to C14. Upon fertilisation, the future child will have inherited two copies from the mother (due to the translocated C21 to C14 as well as the normal C21 copy) and a copy from the father, making 3 copies of C21.
- BThe mother is a carrier of three C21 copies which leads to the child inheriting two copies of C21 from the mother and one from the father.
- CC14 changes into C21 upon fertilisation, therefore two copies are inherited from mother/father and one other copy from the father/mother.
33Mutations are frequently due to...
- ACopying errors during DNA replication
- BSpontaneous depurination
- CBackground ionising radiation
- DChromosomal non-disjunction
- ESplicing errors
34A transcriptional mutation commonly affects the promoter region of a gene, therefore promotion to initiate transcription does not occur and thus a protein is not produced.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
35A splice site mutation (deleted/creation of splice site) does not introduce introns into the mature mRNA transcript.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
36Common gene mutations are indicated in certain cancers.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
37What is the function of the mismatch repair machinery?
- AThe mismatch repair machinery helps to repair slippaged DNA (insertion/deletions) that escapes proofreading
- BThe mismatch repair machinery helps to destroy cancer cells
- CThe mismatch repair machinery helps to repair incorrectly paired DNA strands
38Sickle cell is caused by a substitution of hydrophilic valine for hydrophobic glutamate (GAG -> GTG)
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
39Cystic fibrosis is caused by deletion of a codon coding for a phenylalanine residue of the CFTR channel protein.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
40PCR are repeated cycles of...?
- APrimer, Polymerase, Denaturation.
- BPolymerase, Primer, Denaturation.
- CDenaturation, Polymerase, Primer.
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