Flashcards
The knee
Flashcards do conjunto (31)
- 1What three muscles contribute to the pes anserinus? What is the pes anserinus?1) Sartorius (anterior compartment)
2) Gracilis (adductor)
3) Semitendinous (hamstring)
Group of tendons which help to stabilise the knee. Attaches to medial side of tibia, prevent abduction. - 2—A) Rectus femoris
B) Gracilis
C) Bicep femoris
D) Adductor canal - 3How many articulations are there in the knee? What are the roles of the tibia and fibula?1) 3 (lateral and medial condyles of T and Femur, patella and femur)
2) Tibia is weight bearing, fibula does not articulate - only for muscle attachment - 4Why is the knee joint weak mechanically? What stabilises it?1) Shape of the articulation (i.e. round endings of femur)
2) Muscles and their tendons + ligaments which connect the tibia and femur - 5Why is the femur positioned diagonally?So that the mechanical axis of the hip and knee joint are in line - even distribution of weight across the tibial condyles.
- 6Where is the Q line drawn? What are the angles for women and men?Drawn from ASIS (anterior border of iliac spine) to patella.
Men = 14 degrees
Women = 17 degrees - 7What is genu varum? Genu valgum?1) Small Q angle e.g. bow legs - pressure on medial tibial condyle
2) large Q angle e.g. buckled knees - pressure on lateral tibial condyle - 8What are the six main structures which stabilise the knee?1) Pes anserinus (medial)
2) Iliotibial tract (lateral)
3) Collateral ligaments (medial and lateral)
4) Cruciate ligaments
5) Mensici - 9Which tendon extends from the quadriceps to the patella?Quadriceps tendon (becomes the patella ligament inferiorly)
- 10What is a sesmoid bone?Bone completely embedded in tendon i.e. the patella.
- 11What happens if the quadriceps tendon of patella ligament are ruptured?1) Quadriceps - patella moves up into leg due to strong muscle
2) Patella - patella moves down due to gravity - 12What does the patella reflex test?The integrity of the femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- 13How do the fibular (lateral) and tibial (medial) collateral ligaments differ?1) Fibula is a strong fibrous cord, attaches to femur to tibia directly, distinct from any other structure.
2) Tibial collateral ligament is a broad flat cord, thickening of the joint cord and attaches to the medial meniscus. - 14What are the roles of the fibular and tibial collateral ligament?Fibular stabilises the knee during adduction, the tibial collateral ligament prevents knee abduction. Think about the knee joint trying to pull away against these ligaments. Both are taut during extension of the knee.
- 15Where are the cruciate ligaments located? What are their roles?Cross shaped ligaments within the intercondylar region of tibia, connect tibia to femur to stop anterior or posterior movement of the tibia with respect to the femur.
- 16Describe the attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament.Attaches to the posterior aspect of the intercondylar area of the tibia, superiorly it attaches to the medial aspect of the intercondylar fossa of the femur.
- 17What are the three roles of the PCL?1) Prevents the femur moving posteriorly with regards to the tibia.
2) Prevents external rotation of the knee
3) Stabilises the knee during flexion - 18What are the three roles of the anterior cruciate ligament?1) Prevents the tibia moving forward with respect to the femur
2) Stabilises the knee in extension
3) Prevents excessive internal rotation - 19Describe the attachment of the ACLOriginates from the facet of the anterior portion of the intercondylar region. Superiorly it attaches to the lateral wall of the intercondylar fossa of the femur.
- 20Which cruciate ligament is stronger? What does this mean clinically?The posterior ligament - far more likely to tear ACL
- 21What is the unhappy triad?The medial meniscus, ACL and tibial (medial ligament) are all attached - tearing the medial meniscus means all three may be damaged.
- 22What are the two menisci?Plates of fibrocartilage located in the intercondylar region - help to cushion the joint but also help the head of the femur to fit better.
1) Medial meniscus - larger, C shaped, anterior portion is larger. Anteriorly attached to the ACL, firmly attached to the tibial ligament.
2) Lateral meniscus - smaller, rounder, attached to PCL, more moveable. - 23What are the two types of ACL graft?BTB - bone tendon bone (usually from patella region)
Hamstring tendons (although actually gracilis and semitendinosus) knotted together - can be problematic because hamstrings are very important stabilisers. - 24What are the knee bursae formed from? What is there function?1) Extensions of the knee synovial cavity
2) Protect against rubbing of bone on tendons, cushioning. - 25What causes housemaid's knee? Baker's cyst?1) Swelling of the prepatellar bursa due to excessive kneeling - ANTERIOR
2) Normal bursa or herniation of joint capsule - often associated with meniscal tears or degenerative arthritis of the knee - 26Which will cause more of a problem out of housemaid's knee and a Baker's cyst?Bakers cyst - posterior location means that it will be far more restrictive to movement of the knee joint.
- 27What are the extracapsular ligaments and their function?1) Quadriceps and patella - prevent forwards movement of the tibia with respect to the fibular
2) Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments - prevent abduction and adduction respectively. Limit extension. - 28What are the intracapsular structures and their function?1) Menisci - medial and lateral, attachments for ACL and PCL respectively. Help with cushioning and articulation.
2) Cruciate ligaments - PCL: prevents posterior movement, prevents external rotation and excessive flexion. ACL: prevents anterior movement, prevents inward rotation and excessive extension. - 29What makes the borders of the popliteal fossa?Inferior = two head of gastrocnemeus
Superiorly = hamstings - biceps femoris and semimembranosus and semitendinosus. - 30What structures are located within the popliteal fossa?1) The popliteal artery and vein
2) The small saphenous vein (drains into the popliteal vein)
3) The common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve which give of the sural nerve - 31What does the sural nerve supply?The lateral aspect of the leg
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- Locomotion (Lower Limb) FlashCards sobre The knee, criado por Anna Hogarth em 06-02-2018.
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- Anna Hogarth
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