Flashcards
Thorax
Flashcards do conjunto (55)
- 1—The brachiocephalic veins are formed by?
- 2—Acromion of the scapula
- 3—Sternum
The midline is down the centre of this
- 4—Suprasternal notch
- 5—Sternal angle
- 6—Xiphoid process of the sternum
- 7—Sterno-clavicular joint
- 8—Lower costal margin
- 9—Humerus
- 10—Coracoid process of the scapula
- 11—1. Posterior axillary line (from the fold of the muscle at the posterior axilla)
2. Midaxillary line (from the middle of the axilla and usually widest part of the thorax)
3. Anterior axillary line ( from the fold of the muscle at the anterior axilla)
- 12—The axilla- the area the lies underneath the glenohumeral joint
- 13—Pectoralis major
---> Sternal head
Clavicular head <---
- 14Describe the pectoralis major? Attachment, function, innervationAttachment: distal attachment of both heads is into the inter tubercular sulcus of the humerus
Function: Adducts and medially rotates the upper limb, draws the scapula anteroinferiorly. Clavicular head also acts to individually flex the upper limb
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves - 15—Pectoralis minor
- 16Describe the pectoralis minor? Attachment, function, innervationAttachment: originates from the 3rd and 5th ribs, inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula
Function: Stabilises the scapula by drawing it anteroinferiorly against the thoracic wall
Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve - 17—Serratus anterior
- 18Describe the serrates anterior? Attachment, function and innervationAttachment: The muscle consists of several strips, which originate from the lateral aspects of ribs 1-8. The attach of the costal surface of the the medial border of the scapula
Function: Rotates the scapula, allowing the arm to be raised over 90 degrees. It also holds the scapula against the rib cage
Innervation: Long thoracic nerve - 19—Subclavius
- 20Describe the subclavius? Attachment, function and innervation?Attachment: Originates from the junction of the first rib and its costal cartilage, inserting into the interior surface of the middle of the third clavicle
Function: Anchors and depresses the clavicle
Innervation: Nerve to subclavius - 21Describe the external intercostals?Attachment: Originate at the lower border of the rib inserting into the superior border of the rib below
Function: Elevates the ribs, increasing the thoracic volume
Innervation: Intercostal nerves T1 to T11 - 22Describe the internal intercostals?Deepest intercostals simular to internal and separated by neuromuscular bundle
Attachment: Originates from the lateral edge of the costal groove and inserts into the superior surface of the rib below. Run at 90 degrees to the externals
Function: The interosseous part reduced the thoracic volume by depressing the ribcage, and the interchondral part elevates the ribs
Innervation: Intercostal nerves T1 to T11 - 23Describe the innermost intercostals?Attachment: Originates from the medial edge of the costal groove and inserts into the superior surface of the rib below
Function: The interosseous part reduces the thoracic volume by depressing the ribcage and the interchondral part elevates the ribs - 24Describe the transverse thoracic?These muscles of the thoracic cage are continuous with the transverse abdominis inferiorly
Attachments: From the posterior surface of the inferior sternum to the internal surface of the costal cartilages
Function: Weakly depress the ribs
Innervation: Intercostal nerves T1 to T11 - 25Where to the ribs attach to?Ribs 1-7 attach independently to the sternum
Ribs 8-10 attach to the costal cartilages superior to them
Ribs 11-12 do not have any anterior attachment and are sometimes referred to as floating ribs - 26How does the contraction of the pectorals major assist in breathing?The two pectorals muscles form part of a ring of muscles which encircle the thoracic cage; the other muscles forming part of the ring are the scapula muscles. When the ring contracts the thoracic pressure rises to assist exhalation but this only occurs in exercise and disease as normal exhalation is a passive process
- 27Which bony structures lie subcutaneously in the anterior chest wall?The clavicles and the sternum (made up of the manubrium, body and the xiphi sternum).
The ribs are deep to muscles and therefore not subcutaneous - 28What the articulations of the clavicle?At the medial end to the manubrium of the sternum; the sternoclavicular joint
At the lateral and to the acromion of the scapula; the acromioclavicular joint - 29What forms the anterior axillary fold?The lower edge of the pectorals major muscle
- 30What lies deep to the pectorals minor muscleThe axilla
- 31The majority of the breast tissue is in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, where does the lymph from this part drain?To the axillary lymph nodes
- 32Which costal cartilage connects to o the sternum at the angle of Louis?The second costal cartilage
- 33Describe these different areasGreen: Superior mediastinum
Black line: Angle of Louis (sternal angle)
Everything below this is the inferior mediastinum which can be further subdivided-
Purple: Anterior mediastinum
Yellow: Middle mediastinum
Blue: Posterior mediastinum
- 34What are the three main branches of the aorta and where to they arise to?They arise to the superior mediastinum and they are
1. Brachiocephalic artery
2. Left common carotid artery
3. Left subclavian artery - 35What does the brachiocephalic artery supply?The right side of the heart and neck and the upper limb
- 36What does the left common carotid artery supply?The left side of the head and the neck
- 37What does the left subclavian artery supply?The left upper limb
- 38What are the five main tributaries to th the superior vena cava from the superior mediastinum?1. Left brachiocephalic vein
2. Right brachiocephalic vein
3. Left superior intercostal vein
4. Supreme intercostal vein
5. Azygous vein - 39What do the brachiocephalic veins drain?Blood from the upper body
- 40What does the left superior intercostal vein drain?Collects blood from the left 2nd and 3rd intercostal vein, this drains into the brachiocephalic vein
- 41What does the supreme intercostal vein drain?Drains the vein from the first intercostal space directly into the brachiocephalic veins
- 42What does the azygous vein drain?Receives blood from the right posterior intercostal veins
The left intercostal veins drain first into the hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous veins before joining the azygous vein around T7 - T9 - 43Where does the right vagus nerve run?Runs parallel to the trachea and passes posteriorly to the superior vena cava and the right primary bronchus
- 44Where does the left vagus nerve run?Enters the superior mediastinum between the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries. It descends anteriorly to the aortic arch before travelling posterior to the left bronchus
- 45Where does the sympathetic trunk run?Runs bilaterally to the vertebral bodies along the entire length of the vertebral column
- 46Where does the phrenic nerve run?From the anterior scalene muscle, the phrenic nerves (roots C3, C4 and C5) enter the superior mediastinum lateral to the great vessels, then descending anteriorly into the middle mediastinum passing anteriorly to the hilum of the lung
- 47Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve run?Arises from the left vagus nerve as it passes the aortic arch, it loops under the arch to the left of the ligamentum arteriosum before continuing its journey to the larynx in the tracheal oesophageal groove
- 48What is the thoracic duct and where does it join the vascular system?The thoracic duct is the main lymphatic channel draining lymph from the lower half of the body and the bowel back to the blood stream
The bowel component is important because fat is absorbed into the lymphatics to this is the only route for fat absorption
It joins the vascular system at the confluence of the left subclavian and left internal jugular vein - 49What structures are supplied by the three splanchnic nerves and where does a patient appreciate pain felt by these nerves?Greater splanchnic nerve; fore gut, epigastrium
Lesser splanchnic nerve; mid gut and around the umbilicus
Least splanchnic nerve; hind gut, suprapubic area - 50What structure lies immediately behind the trachea in the upper thorax and the left atria in the lower thorax ?The oesophagus
- 51What structures drain blood into the azygous system?The lateral and posterior chest wall, and the lateral and posterior abdominal wall
- 52Why is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve at risk from thoracic disease but not the right?The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes into the thorax, round the aortic arch and back into the neck
The right recurrent laryngeal does not pass through the thorax - 53Where do the sympathetic nerves attach to the central nervous system?The T1 to T12 and to L1 and L2 spinal segmental nerves
- 54What will happen if the sympathetic nerves to the head and neck are damaged?There will be no sweating on the face (anhidrosis)
The eyelids will droop (ptosis)
The pupil will be constricted (miosis)
Slightly withdrawn eyeball (enopthalmos) - 55—
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- Undergraduate first year Anatomy (Areas ) FlashCards sobre Thorax , criado por Erin Dunn em 17-11-2018.
- Criado por
- Erin Dunn
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