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Flashcards

ECG

Lareyna Mcmenemy MD3001 Inglês 41 flashcards

What does this ECG show? Describe it

Flashcards do conjunto (41)

  1. 1What are the standardisations on an ECG?10mm = 1mV - y-axis
    1mm = 0.04s (40ms) - x-axis for paper speed of 25mm/s
  2. 2How is rate calculated from an ECG?Rate = 300 / R-R interval
  3. 3State the normal heart rate for: Adults Newborns 2 years old 4 years old 6+ years oldAdults: 60-100bpm
    Newborns - 110-150bpm
    2 years old: 85-125bpm
    4 years old: 75-115bpm
    6+ years old: 60-100bpm
  4. 4What does the P wave represent?Atrial depolarisation
  5. 5Describe a normal p wave<0.25mV i.e. <2 small boxes
    Upright in leads I & II
    Inverted in aVR
  6. 6What do these common p wave abnormalities indicate: P-mitrale - bifid p wave P-pulmonale - peaked P wave P wave inversionP-mitrale - Left atrial enlargement
    P-pulmonale - Right atrial enlargement
    P wave inversion - Junctional rhythms
  7. 7What does the P-R interval represent & how long should it be?Conduction through the AV node
    120-200ms i.e. <5 squares
  8. 8What might a prolonged P-R interval suggest?Delayed conduction though the AV node
    - 1st degree AV-block
  9. 9What might a shortened P-R interval suggest?Pre-Excitation syndromes e.g. WPW
    AV nodal rhythm
  10. 10What does the QRS complex represent & what length should it be?Ventricular depolarisation
    <120ms (0.12s) i.e. 3 small squares
  11. 11What does the T wave represent?Ventricular depolarisation
  12. 12Describe a normal T waveUpright in all leads except aVR & V1 (+ V2 in children)
    <5mm in limb leads
    <15mm in precordial leads
  13. 13What does the QT interval represent & what is considered normal?Time taken from verticular depolarisation to repolarisation
    Normal QTc = 380-420ms
  14. 14How is QTc calculated?QT / √R-R
  15. 15What might cause a prolonged QT?Hypokalaemia
    Hypocalcaemia
    Myocardial ischaemia
    Drugs - amiodarone
    Bradycardia
    Congenital long QT syndrome
  16. 16What is the Q wave?1st negative deflection - not always present
  17. 17What are pathological Q waves?>40ms
    >2mm deep
    Seen in lead V1-3
  18. 18What can pathological Q waves represent?MI or Cardiomyopathy
  19. 19What may absent Q waves in V5-6 represent?Left Bundle branch block (LBBB)
  20. 20What is the R wave?First upward deflection after the P wave
    - represents early ventricular depolarisation
  21. 21What are the 3 key R wave abnormalities?Dominant R wave in V1
    Dominant R wave in aVR
    Poor R wave progression
  22. 22Describe normal & abnormal ST segmentsNormal - isoelectric
    Abnormal
    ST elevation - Myocardial infarction
    ST depression - Myocardial ischaemia
  23. 23What are the lateral leads?Lead I, aVL,
    Antero-lateral - V5 & V6
  24. 24What are the inferior leads?Leads II, III & aVF
  25. 25What are the anterior leads?V3 & V4
  26. 26What are the septal leads?V1 & V2
  27. 27Describe axis determinationNormal axis (-30 - +90) - Lead I & aVF are predominantly positive deflections
    Right axis deviation (-30 - -90) - Lead I positive, aVF negative
    Left axis deviation (+90 - +180) - Lead I negative, aVF positive
    Extreme axis - Lead I & aVF negative
  28. 28What causes axis deviation?Hypertrophy of the left or right ventricle
  29. 29Describe an ECG of sinus rhythmNormal P waves
    Normal QRS complexes
    Each P wave precedes a QRS complex
    Regular rhythm
  30. 30What does this ECG show? Describe itAtrial fibrillation
    - no discernable P waves & irregularly irregular rhythm    What does this ECG show? Describe it
  31. 31What does this ECG show? Describe itAtrial flutter
    - P waves at a rate of 300/min
    - Ventricular rate of 75/min    What does this ECG show? Describe it
  32. 32What does this ECG show? Describe itNodal rhythm
    Normal QRS complexes with absent P waves    What does this ECG show? Describe it
  33. 33What does this ECG show? Describe itVentricular Tachycardia
    Broad QRS (>120ms) & 150bpm    What does this ECG show? Describe it
  34. 34Describe the ECG trace for LV hypertrophyR wave in V5 >25mm
    OR
    Sum of S wave in V1 & R wave in V5 or V6 is >35mm
  35. 35Describe the ECG trace for RV hypertrophyDominant R wave in V1, T wave inversion in V1-3 or V4 & deep S wave in V6
  36. 36When might you see a significant Q wave (i.e. >40ms)?Post. acute MI
  37. 37What might suggest a pulmonary embolism?Significant Q wave in lead III, large S wave in lead I & inverted T wave in lead III
  38. 38Describe the ECG trace of an anterior STEMI & what artery wold be occluded to cause this?ST elevation in any precordial lead w/ dominant Q waves in V2-4 & inverted t-waves in V4-6
    Left Anterior Descending
  39. 39What ECG change indicates a posterior infarction?Reciprocal change in V1
  40. 40Describe the ECG trace of a lateral STEMI & what artery wold be occluded to cause this?Sinus rhythm w/ ST elevation in lead I, aVL, V5 & V6
    Left circumflex artery
  41. 41Describe the ECG trace of an inferior STEMI & what artery wold be occluded to cause this?Sinus rhythm w/ ST elevation in leads II, III & aVF
    Right coronary artery

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MD3001 (Cardiovascular System) FlashCards sobre ECG, criado por Lareyna Mcmenemy em 07-12-2018.
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