Flashcards
Physiology - Ageing & the skeleton
Flashcards do conjunto (18)
- 1What are the physiological processes of ageing with bone?Telomere Shortening
Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Oxidative Stress
Cell senescence - 2What is telomere shortening?• Telomeres are sites of repetitive DNA sequences found
at the end of chromosomes
• Protect the DNA ends from damage
• As we age, cells continually divide.
• In old age telomeres break and initiate cell apoptosis. - 3What is Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress?• As cells age there is an increased amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS; waste products)
• ROS can cause damage to mitochondria DNA.
• Mitochondria damage causes more ROS.
• Continuous cycle of damaging effects
• Decline in respiratory function - 4What is cell senescence?-Cell cycle arrest
• Induced by DNA damage with increased cell replication
• Senescent cells accumulate within tissues
• Contribute to loss of functional ability and lack of regeneration
• Secretion of Senescence-associated secretory proteins (SASPs) - 5What is bone mass?• Primary functions of bone are;
• Provide attachment for muscle, tendons and ligaments
• Nutrient Reserve
• Protect organs
• Haematopoeisis
• Strength and volume adapt throughout life
• Bone formation and bone remodelling - 6Bone cells?• Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts are the two
bone cells responsible for bone mass.
• Osteoblasts involved in bone formation
• Osteoclasts involved in bone resorption
• Bone resorption takes 30 days whereas
formation can take up to 3 months
• Balance of two cells can be influence by
other external factors - 7Explain bone loss in ageing?• Bone loss is also an inevitable entity during ageing.
• Increased bone resorption over formation
• Bone loss from the spine and upper extremities much greater than the
lower extremities; bone loss more moderate
• Shafts of the bone have thinning of the cortex
• In women; menopause occurs; loss of hormones and well as reduced
physical activity; greater bone loss than older men.
• Bones adapt to exercise specific forces throughout the human life span. - 8What is osteoporosis? What helps reduce it?- Osteoporosis is the deterioration of bone mass and is normally associated with older population groups
-Exercise may or may not help to reduce the prevalence of Osteoporosis. - 9When does accumulates and when does bone mass start to decline/• Bone mass accumulates around age 20-25yrs
• Bone mass declines from 30 and 40 years old in females and males, respectively - 10What helps maintain bone?Osteoclasts and osteoblasts help maintain bone
- 11Bone is continually broken down and then built up by what?Osteoclasts and osteoblasts
- 12Where is bone lost?Bone is lost from the spine and upper extremities > lower limbs
- 13What are women more susceptible to?Women are more susceptible to bone loss due to loss of oestrogen (menopause)
- 14What have studies shown?Some studies have shown exercise interventions to be beneficial in older age
- 15What are the preventions of osteoporosis?• Diagnosis doesn’t usually happen until after fracture
• Calcium and Vit D supplementation
• 800 ID Vit D and 1000-1200mg of calcium
• Smoking cessation
• Limitation of Alcohol
• Impact Exercise!!! - 16Where is bone lost?Bone is lost from the spine and upper extremities > lower limbs
- 17What are women more susceptible too?Women are more susceptible to bone loss due to loss of oestrogen (menopause)
- 18What have studies shown?Some studies have shown exercise interventions to be beneficial in older age
Informações
- Descrição
- Physiology FlashCards sobre Physiology - Ageing & the skeleton, criado por Sam Kiernan em 15-04-2019.
- Criado por
- Sam Kiernan · abr 2019
- Atualizado
- 8 mai 2019
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