Flashcards
Computer Science: Chapter One.
Flashcards do conjunto (53)
- 1What are the four sub-components of a CPU?Controller
ALU
Internal Memory
Register - 2Define CPU.The CPU is the main component in a computer for processing data and instructions. It could be considered as the computing equivalent of the human brain.
- 3Define Controller/Control Unit.The controller sends and receives signals from all parts of the computer. It ensures that all processes take place at the right time and in the correct order.
- 4Define Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU).The ALU is the part of the CPU that processes and manipulates data.
- 5Define Registers.A register is a storage location found on the CPU where data or control information is temporarily stored. Registers are usually much faster to access than internal memory since they have to be accessed so often.
- 6Define Internal Memory.Internal memory (sometimes called level 1 cache memory) is fast access temporary storage on the CPU
- 7What're buses?Buses allow data to be transferred to different parts of the computer. There are three main buses used by the CPU.
- 8What're the three different buses?Address bus
Data bus
Control bus - 9What is the address bus?When data is saved or loaded from memory, the address at which it is to be stored or loaded from must be sent. The storage address of data always travels along an address bus.
- 10What is the data bus?Data will then need to be moved between several parts of a computer. The path along which data travels is called a data bus.
- 11What is the control bus?The controller uses the control bus to send control signals to different parts of the computer.
- 12The first step of the fetch - decode - execute cycle.The fetch cycle takes the address required from memory, stores it in the instruction register, and moves the program counter on one so that it points at the next instruction.
- 13The second step of the fetch - decode -execute cycle.The control unit checks the instruction in the instruction register. The instruction is decoded to determine the action that needs to be carried out.
- 14The third step of the fetch - decode -execute cycle.The actual actions that happen during the execution cycle depend on the instruction itself.
- 15CPU Cache Memory Explanation.Cache memory is a fast access type of memory that is very expensive. Due to its cost, only small amounts of cache memory are present in most computer systems. Cache memory improves the performance of the CPU as it is able to provide instructions and data to the CPU at a much faster rate than other system memory such as RAM. The more cache memory your system has, the better its performance is likely to be.
- 16Clock speed explanation.The speed at which a processor operates is called the clock speed. The faster the clock speed, the faster the computer is able to run the fetch-decode-execute cycle and therefore process more instructions.
- 17The number of cores explanation.In a single-core CPU each instruction is processed one after the other, whereas, in a dual-core CPU, two instructions may be processed at the same time. In theory, a dual-core CPU should be able to process instructions twice as fast as a single-core CPU. However, this isn’t always the case, as sometimes Instruction 2 may need the result of Instruction 1 before it can be processed.
- 18Define Overclocking.The clock speed inside the CPU can sometimes be changed. A processor can be set to run faster than its original design. By doing this, however, it uses more energy and produces more heat. If this heat is not removed through cooling, the CPU can overheat, which will damage the CPU and shorten its lifespan.
- 19Define underclocking.Some computer systems, especially mobile devices, set the clock speed of the CPU lower than its original design. This results in less power consumption, less heat being produced and will, therefore, increase the battery life of the device.
- 20Define RISC Processors (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)RISC processors can process a limited number of relatively simple instructions. To carry out more complex commands the problem is broken down into a longer list of simpler instructions.
- 21What's the advantage of RISC Processors?The advantage of this is that a RISC processor is able to process these simpler instructions quickly. Processing simpler instructions also require less circuitry to decode and execute these instructions, which in turn means less power consumption and therefore less heat being generated.
- 22Define CISC Processors (Complex Instruction Set Computer).CISC processors can process a large number of complex instructions. This allows the processor to understand and carry out complex tasks with only a few instructions.
- 23Advantage of CISC Processors?The advantage of this is that a CISC processor is able to process complex instructions, without having to break them down into many simpler instructions. Processing complex instructions, however, requires more circuitry to decode and execute these instructions, which in turn means more power consumption and therefore more heat being generated.
- 24Define input devices.An input device allows data, such as text, images, video or sound, to be entered into a computer system.
- 25Define Output devices.There are many outputs created by a computer system. These include printed documents, on-screen data, and sound.
- 26Give 3 examples of an input device.Keyboard
Microphone
Mouse - 27Give 3 examples of an output device.Speakers
Monitors
Printers - 28Define RAM (Random Access Memory).RAM is the temporary running storage for data. RAM is volatile – data is lost when the power is switched off.
- 29Define ROM (Read - Only Memory).ROM is used for the permanent storage of data. The data in each store location cannot be changed. ROM is permanent –data is not lost when the power is switched off.
- 30Define BIOS (Basic Input Output System).A low-level program that handles input and output operations relating to the keyboard and screen of the system. It provides an interface between the hardware and the operating system.
- 31What's flash memory?Flash memory is used for the permanent storage of data. However, the data stored in flash memory can be changed. Flash memory is permanent – data is not lost when the power is switched off.
- 32Define RAM Cache MemoryRAM Cache memory is used for the temporary storage of frequently accessed data and instructions. It is quicker than RAM. Cache memory is volatile – this means that data is lost when the power is switched off.
- 33Which type of memory is permanent?ROM
Flash Memory - 34Which types of memory is volatile?RAM
Cache Memory - 35Which memory allows data to be changed?Cache
Flash
RAM - 36Memory speed from highest to lowest?Cache
ROM
RAM
Flash - 37Define Secondary storage/backing storage.Data is written from memory to secondary storage when data is no longer being actively used, for retrieval at a later time.
- 38What is data capacity?Data capacity is the amount of data a storage device can hold measured in Kilobytes (Kb), Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (GB) and Terabytes (TB).
- 39What're the most frequently used backing storage media?Flash drive
External hard drive
CD/DVD/Blu-ray disk
Magnetic tape - 40What is optical storage media?Optical storage media uses technology such as lasers. Laser beams are projected onto a CD/DVD or Blu-ray disk and if light is reflected back, then data is read as a 1 and if light is not reflected back, data is read as a 0. Lasers are used to read and write information to a disk
- 41What is magnetic storage media?This technology is used in hard disks and tapes. Data is stored on a magnetic medium, which can be a disk or a tape, by writing data using a write-head. Data can then be read by the read-head.
- 42What is solid state?Solid state technology is used in storage media such as USB flash memory sticks. The technology is called solid state as it does not have any moving parts, such as a read-head in magnetic storage. Solid state storage technology is increasingly used to replace both magnetic and optical storage.
- 43What is storage in the cloud?Storage in the cloud is a contemporary data storage facility that allows users to store their data on third-party servers. They can then access that data from many computing devices.
- 44Advantage of storage in the cloud?Maintenance tasks, backup and data replication.
- 45Disadvantages of storage in the cloud?A disadvantage of storage in the cloud is that an Internet connection is required to access the data. Some other disadvantages include the concern for some organisations that personal data held on a third-party server could be physically stored in a country where adequate data protection legislation does not exist. Another disadvantage is that users are solely reliant on the cloud storage provider when it comes to ensuring that their data is stored safely and can be retrieved at a later date.
- 46What is an embedded system?An embedded system is a combination of software and hardware that performs a specific task rather than a general-purpose computer that is designed to carry out multiple tasks.
- 47Examples of an embedded system?Washing machine
Air conditioners
Microwave ovens - 48What's a MotherboardThe motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer. The CPU and ROM will be mounted on the motherboard, which also provides RAM expansion slots, USB ports, PCI slots for expansion cards and controllers for devices such as the hard drive, DVD drive, keyboard, and mouse.
- 49What's a GPU?A GPU is a microprocessor that performs the calculations needed to produce graphic images on screen.
- 50What's an integrated GPU?An integrated GPU uses the computer’s RAM. An integrated unit is cheaper than installing a dedicated GPU, it generates less heat and uses less power.
- 51What's a Dedicated GPUA dedicated GPU has its own video memory. Dedicated cards provide the best visual experience and are used by people such as professional graphic designers and serious gamers, but they use more power and require a good cooling system.
- 52What's a sound card?Sound cards may be on board (on the motherboard) or designed to fit a PCI slot. They enable the computer to output sound through speakers, to record sound from a microphone and to manipulate sound stored on a disk.
- 53Define firmware.The software written for an embedded system
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- Year 10 Computing FlashCards sobre Computer Science: Chapter One., criado por Rabpreet Singh em 02-05-2019.
- Criado por
- Rabpreet Singh
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