Flashcards
Chapter 1 - Systems Architecture
Flashcards do conjunto (27)
- 1HardwareThe physical parts of a computer.
- 2SoftwareThe software and programs that are used by a computer.
- 3CPUShort for central processing unit; the main unit responsible for the processing instructions given to a computer.
- 4CPUShort for central processing unit; the main unit responsible for the processing instructions given to a computer.
- 5MemoryHardware used to store
- 6GPUShort for graphics processing unit; main unit responsible for rendering images, animations and videos.
- 7Embedded computer systemA computer system built into a piece of machinery or device.
- 8BusA channel of communication used to transport data and instructions in the CPU.
- 9RegisterA holding place to temporarily hold data and instructions as they are being processed.
- 10Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)The part of the CPU that carries out all the arithmetic and logical operations. The results of any calculations are then sent to be stored in a register.
- 11AccumulatorThe register where intermediate arithmetic and logic results are stored. It accumulates (puts together) the results of the calculation.
- 12Control unit (CU)Responsible for directing the flow of all inputs and outputs to the CPU. It tells the ALU, the computer's memory and hardware devices how to respond to an instruction.
- 13Memory Address Register (MAR)Holds the address location of the next piece of data that is to be fetched into the CPU, or the address where a piece of data will be sent to be stored.
- 14Memory Data Register (MDR)Holds the actual data that is being fetched into the CPU, or the data that is being sent to be stored in the computer's memory.
- 15Program Counter (PC)A register that holds the address of the next instruction that is to be carried out.
- 16CacheThe part of the CPU where the most commonly used instructions and data are held. This allows quick and easy access to these instructions.
- 17Fetch-execute cycleThe fetch-decode-execute cycle is the process a CPU goes through in order to process an instruction.
- 18OpcodePart of an instruction that tells the CPU what operation to do.
- 19OperandPart of an instruction that tells the CPU where to preform the operation.
- 20What can affect the performance of the CPU?There are three main factors that can affect the performance of a CPU;
Clock Speed
Cache Size
Number of cores available to the CPU. - 21Clock SpeedThe speed at which the CPU can carry out instructions.
Measured in cycles per second - refers to the fetch-execute cycle. - 22Number of coresThe number of cores a CPU has can vary.
If a CPU has a single core it is capable of processing one instruction at a time. If a CPU has two cores, referred to as dual core, it can process two instructions simultaneously. - 23Describe what is meant by an Embedded System. [1]An embedded system is a computer system built into a piece of machinery or device.
- 24Explain the difference between hardware and software. [2]Hardware is the physical parts of the computer, whereas software is a collection of code installed onto your computer's hard drive.
- 25Explain how the CPU processes an instruction. [3]-----
- 26Describe 2 functions of the Control Unit. [2]Controls the different stages of the execution of an instruction and guides the flow of data through the different parts of the CPU.
Tells the ALU, computer's memory and the hardware devices how to respond to an instruction. - 27—
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- Computer Science FlashCards sobre Chapter 1 - Systems Architecture, criado por Caitlin Mulhall em 12-08-2019.
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- Caitlin Mulhall
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