Flashcards
Virtue ethics
Flashcards do conjunto (23)
- 1VirtueHabitually doing what is right - being good requires the practice of a certain kind of behaviour.
- 2eudaimoniaThe final goal of all human activity - happiness, well-being, human flourishing.
- Aristotle - 3Cardinal VirtuesPrudence,
Justice,
temperance,
Courage. - 4Plato's theoryDoesn't judge particular actions
Centres around the achievement of man's highest good (inner well being and happiness) - 5Intellectual virtuesCharacteristics of thought + reason - technical skill, scientific knowledge, prudence, intelligence and wisdom.
- 6Moral virtuesQualities of character,
e.g. courage, friendliness + truthfulness - 7Golden meanThe balance of extremes of virtues and vices. A balance between excess (too much) and deficiency (too little).
- 8VicesThe direct opposite of Virtues
- habitual wrong action - 9PhronesisPractical wisdom
Aristotle - the virtue most needed for any other virtue to be developed.
Balancing self-interest with that of others.
Needs to be directed by moral virtues. - 10Rosalind HursthouseVirtues shape the virtuous person's practical reasoning in characteristic ways,
Being virtuous is the most reliable path to flourishing - no other path is reliable. - 11Ben FranklinUtilitarian virtue theorist.
we should try to bring about the greatest good for the greatest number. The best way to bring about the greatest good was by developing the virtues. - 12Philippa FootTries to modernize Aristotle.
Goodness should be seen as the natural flourishing of humans as living beings. Virtues are good for us + also help us to correct harmful human passions and temptations. - 13Alasdair MacIntyreFocuses on moral problems in making the most of an entire human life.
Emphasises the importance of moral goods rather than ideas such as the obligation of a moral agent or the consequences of a particular moral act. - 14James Rachels (important virtues)Courage,
Honesty,
Loyalty to support friendship - 15G.E.M AnscombeAct-based ethics doesn't make sense as it ignores a belief people no longer hold, and in stressing the principle of autonomy it neglects the community aspect of morality.
- 16Michael SloteVirtue ethics = mostly based on our common-sense ideas and intuitions about what counts as a virtue.
Virtue = "an inner trait or disposition of the individual"
Prefers to use the word "admirable" rather than 'good' - doesn't need to be qualified - 17Robert Louden (weakness)Virtue ethics doesn't help people facing a crisis because it doesn't give any clear rules for action. It doesn't give us any concrete answers + only says it's a matter for the practical wisdom of the person facing the situation.
- 18Examples of virtuous peopleGandhi, Martin Luther King jr, Nelson Mandela + Jesus
- 19Vices of couragecowardice + rashness
- 20How do you become a virtuous person?Its like playing a musical instrument (Aristotle) - it needs teaching and practice before its done well.
- 21Feminism (Annette Baier)Claimed that men think morally in terms of justice and autonomy (masculine) whereas women think morally in terms of caring + nurturing. Baier takes account our natural biases (mother loves her children)
- 22Strengths (2)-Avoids having to use a formula to work out what we ought to do + instead focuses instead on the kind of person we ought to be
-Understands the need to distinguish good people from legalists- just because someone follows the law, doesn't make them a good person. - 23Weaknesses (3)- Are virtues culturally relative?
- Seems to praise some virtues that we might see as immoral (soldiers fighting unjust wars may be seen as courageous)
- Difficult to decide who is virtuous as acts may seem virtuous but may not have good motives
Informações
- Descrição
- A-Level Philosophy + Ethics A2 FlashCards sobre Virtue ethics, criado por savanna q em 13-05-2015.
- Criado por
- savanna q · mai 2015
- Atualizado
- 19 fev 2016
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