Flashcards
Coasts
Flashcards do conjunto (32)
- 1CoastsCoasts
- 2Define fetchThe distance in which the wind has blown.
- 3define waveIt is a circular movement in water caused by wind blowing over the sea
- 4Define wave heightIt is the vertical distance between the crest and trough.
- 5Define wave lengthIt is the distance between two adjacent waves and is measured from crest to crest.
- 6Define troughit is the lowest point of a wave
- 7What is wave energy dependent on?It is dependant on the fetch, the strength of the wind and the length of time over which the wind has blown.
- 8What is a constructive wave?A constructive wave has strong swash and a weak back wash, deposition is greater than erosion.
- 9What is a destructive wave?It is a wave that has a stronger backwash than swash, erosion is greater than depostion
- 10What is erosionErosion is the mechanical wearing away of rock
- 11Name the 4 types of marine erosionCorrasion
Hydraulic action
Attrition
Solution - 12What is corrasion1)Between high and low tide rocks are hurled at the base of the cliff
2)This smashes off new material from the cliff face.
3)This undercuts the cliff creating a wave cut notch. - 13What is hydraulic action?1)Some rocks have lines of weakness within them or cracks
2)Water enters these cracks and compresses the air within.
3)This compressed air forces the gap to widen. as the water leaves there is a loud pop.
4) as a result the rock is weakened overtime. - 14What is attrition?1)Angular rocks are rubbed knocked or smashed together by the sea
2)Overtime they become smoother rounder and smaller. - 15What is solution?Some rocks just dissolve overtime in the sea
- 16How is a wave cut platform formed?1)Between high and low tide rocks are hurled at the base of there cliff this is called corrosion.
2)This creates a wave cut notch, the cliff has been undercut.
3)The top of the cliff becomes unstable.
4)This overhang will collapse into the sea providing more material for corrosion.
5)The cliff has now retreated, the process of corrosion will continue.
6)Because there can be no erosion below low tide a wave cut plat form is left. - 17Wave cut platform
- 18How is a headland and bay formed?The waves erode the hard and soft rock. The soft rock erodes much faster, because of this bays and headlands are formed. we get sandy bays as theres not a lot of wave energy because the waves break at the headland.
- 19Diagram of headland and bay.
- 20How are caves arches stacks and stumps formed?If there are cracks in the cliff then waves that smash up against them compress the air within then when the sea moves away the air expands rapidly this weakens the rock and breaks some off, these bits of broken rock are thrown at the cliff, they broke more bit off this is called abrasion. the crack eventually grows into a cave , the caves continues to grow larger and larger until it breaks through the headland this forms a natural arch, the arch get eroded more and more until it can hold the weight of the cliff above the rock above then collapses. this cause a tall stack. the stack is eroded which then forms a stump.
- 21What is mass movement?it is the movement of weathered material down a slope
- 22Diagram of cave arch stack stump
- 23What is rock fall?They are the most sudden form of mass movement, they happen when fragment of rock fall from a cliff face
- 24What is slumping?Often happens when the bottom of the cliff is eroded by the waves. the slope becomes steeper and the cliff slides downwards in a rotational manner. this is often triggered by heavy rain.
- 25what is weathering?It is the process in which rock is broken down into smaller and smaller pieces, there are three different types.
- 26What are the tree types of weathering?Salt crystal growth
acid rain
biological - 27What is a beach?Beaches are formed by waves depositing the sediment that they are carrying.
- 28What is long shore drift?
- 29What is longshore drift?The diagram shows long shore drift. in the picture we see a pebble and the direction of prevailing wind which is blowing to the east.we can see our pebble go up the beach with swash then come down at at 90 degree angle because of backwash. This process is called long shore drift.
- 30List all the sediment transportation.Traction- Boulders and pebbles are rolled along the sea bed at times of high discharge.
saltation- sand sized particles are bounced along the sea bed by the flow of water.
solution - some minerals dissolve in water such as calcium carbon dioxide. this requires very little energy. - 31What is a spit?A spit is a long stretch of beach material that goes out to sea and is joined to the mainland at one end spits are created by deposition.
- 32What is a sand bar?A bar is a length of sand that links two pieces of land toghther
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- FlashCards sobre Coasts, criado por Ciaran Galligan em 11-06-2015.
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- Ciaran Galligan
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