Flashcards
CYBER SECURITY
Flashcards do conjunto (39)
- 1PHISHINGThe victim receives and email disguised to look like it comes from a reputable source, in order to trick them into handing over valuable information. The email usually provides a link to another website where the data can be inputted.
- 2BLAGGINGAn attack in which the perpetrator invents a scenario in order to convince the victim to give them data or money (also known as pretexting). This attack often requires the attacker to maintain a conversation with the victim until they are persuaded to give up whatever the attacker asked for.
- 3MALWAREMalware (malicious software) is software that is designed to gain access to your computer with malicious intent.
- 4SHOULDERING.The attacker watches the victim enter sensitive information by, for example, looking over their shoulder.
- 5SOCIAL ENGINEERINGA set of methods used by cyber criminals to deceive people into handing over information that they can then use for fraudulent purposes
- 6HACKINGGaining unauthorized access to or control of a computer system
- 7NAME GENERATOR ATTACKThe victim is asked in an app or a social media post to complete a short quiz to produce a name
- 8PENETRATION TESTERPeople who are paid to legally hack into computer systems with the sole purpose of helping a company identify weaknesses in their system.
- 9DoS ATTACKThe criminal makes a network resource unavailable to its intended users.
This is done by flooding the targeted machine or website with lots of requests in an attempt to overload the system. - 10DD0S ATTACKThis uses the same concept as a DoS attack, but this time it is multiple computers making the attacks at the same time.
It is a lot harder to:
Stop the attack by simply blocking a single source
Identify who is responsible, as lots of machines are making requests, many of them because they are infected by malware - 11BRUTE FORCE ATTACKA form of attack that makes multiple attempts to discover something (such as a password).
- 12VIRUSViruses are a malicious form of self-replicating software.
Once on a computer or network, a virus will replicate itself by maliciously modifying other computer programs and inserting code.
For a virus to infect a system, it needs to be initiated/executed by a user. - 13WORMWorms replicate themselves but do not attach themselves to files as a virus does. Instead, worms spread through the network and use the system’s resources.
Most worms cause problems by using up network bandwidth and therefore slowing down the network significantly. - 14TROJANA piece of software that appears to perform a useful function (such as a game) but unbeknown to the user it also performs malicious actions.
For example, it might open a ‘back door’ to give an attacker remote access to your computer. - 15ADWARECan be a worm, virus, or Trojan. It infects a computer and causes it to download or display malicious adverts or pop-ups when the victim is online.
- 16SPYWAREUnwanted software that monitors and gathers information on a person and how they use their computer.
This can include monitoring your internet usage to send you harmless but annoying adverts. More sinister spyware will include keyloggers that record every keystroke made by a user. - 17RANSOMWARERansomware locks a computer, encrypts files, and therefore prevents the user from being able to access the data. The attacker will demand that a ransom be paid before they decrypt the files and unlock the computer.
- 18BOTBots are automated programs that perform tasks repeatedly. They can have malicious intent.
Bots can be used to create social media accounts and to follow certain users to increase people's perception of their influence.
Bots can also be used to scour the web to look for and report back on vulnerabilities of internet-connected devices. - 19BOTNETA large collection of malware-infected devices (zombies).
An attacker (‘bot herder’) chooses when to ‘wake’ the zombies to perform an attack. - 20WEAK DEFAULT PASSWORDSSome of the most common passwords are surprisingly simple. Examples include 123456 and qwerty.
Most computer systems will provide a default password when first set up. If these are not changed, this puts computers at risk. Certain rules can be applied to make a password hard to crack. - 21MISCONFIGURED ACCESS RIGHTSAccess rights set up what can and cannot be seen when someone logs into a system. For example on Google Classroom you may be allowed to just view a file or you might be allowed to edit a file.
- 22REMOVABLE MEDIAAny storage device that can be removed from the computer system.
If removable media contain malware, it will attempt to move onto a system when connected to a computer, and then onto any other connected devices. If a computer is connected to others on a network, this could mean that the virus reaches hundreds of machines. - 23UNPATCHED OUTDATED SOFTWAREPatching is the process of updating software to fix a problem or add a new feature.
This helps to ensure the program runs correctly and protects the computer from new threats. - 24PENETRATION TESTERTests a system by attempting to hack into it and identify weaknesses that could be exploited by cybercriminals
- 25BIOMETRICSUses unique physical characteristics and features to identify people when they are using a computer system. For example: fingerprints or facial recognition
- 26PASSWORDKeep your passwords safe.
Some password systems help to keep passwords safe by only asking for certain characters of a password instead of the whole thing which helps prevent keyloggers stealing passwords. - 27FIREWALLChecks incoming and outgoing network traffic. The software will block unexpected connections coming into the network. Most operating systems include a firewall
- 28CAPTCHAUsed to challenge humans to prove that they are indeed human and not a computer carrrying out a brute force attack.
- 29EMAIL VERIFICATIONWhen you sign up for a new account and receive an email asking you to confirm that you asked for the account to be created by clicking a specific link.
- 30AUTOMATIC SOFTWARE UPDATESetting automatic updates means a computer system will attempt to install patches or fixes as soon as they are available by searching for them on a regular basis.
- 31ANTI-MALWARE SOFTWAREAnti-malware is a type of software program designed to prevent, detect and remove malicious software (malware) on IT systems, as well as individual computing devices.
- 32DATARaw facts and figures
- 33INFORMATIONData that has been processed and has become meaningful
- 34CYBER THREATthe possibility of a malicious attempt to damage or disrupt a computer network or system
- 35CYBER SECURITYMethods used to reduce the risk of cyberattacks
- 36CYBER DEFENCEacting in anticipation to oppose an attack involving computers and networks
- 37PRIVACY POLICYA document that explains how an organisation handles any customer or client data or information gathered during its operations
- 38PERSONAL DATAany information relating to an identifiable person
- 39PROFILEDescription of a typical customer based on their online behavior e.g. purchases
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- 9th grade Computer Science FlashCards sobre CYBER SECURITY, criado por Chloe Howlett em 22-03-2021.
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- Chloe Howlett
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