Flashcards
Module 2 Flashcards
Flashcards do conjunto (36)
- 1Mid 1800s - Early 1900sMostly focused on comparative psychology in order to learn about humans
Focus on natural history and evolution - 2Early - Mid 1900sComparative psychology was split into behaviourism and ethology
- 3BehaviourismStudies behaviour independent of animal mental states
- 4EthologyStudies wild animals in nature by observation and experiments
- 51970sFocuses on Sociobiology
- 6SociobiologyStudy of behaviour basis of all forms of social behaviour and organization
- 7Observational ResearchWatching and recording what animals do, there are no manipula
- 8Experimental ResearchManipulate or change a variable and examine the effect on behaviour. There are independent and dependent variables and control groups
- 9Comparative ResearchExamine different and similar between species to understand the evolution of behaviour. Uses phylogeny
- 10Sensory SystemUsed to sense the world, then process this information and generate behaviour
- 11Stimuli ExamplesChemicals, light, touch/sound, heat, electric/magnetic fields, etc.
- 12Receptor ExamplesChemoreceptors, photoreceptors, mechanoreceptos, thermoreceptors, electroreceptors, etc.
- 13NeuronsThe main information processing cell of the nervous system
- 14SynapsesHow neurons communicate with each other. There are 2 types: electrical and chemical
- 15Electrical SynapsesDirectly connected neurons, extremely fast transmission
- 16Chemical SynapsesThere are spaces in between the neurons, very fast transmission but slower than electrical synapses
- 17Factors to Vary Strength of SignalFiring rate of individual neurons
Number of neurons firing - 18Endocrine SystemA communication network made of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream (for vertebrates) or into the fluid surrounding tissues (for invertebrates)
- 19HormonesChemical substances secreted in one part of the body that causes changes in other parts of the body. Two types, steroid and protein hormones
- 20Protein HormonesSoluble in blood and water, can be stored and released later
- 21Steroid HormonesFat soluble, immediately released
- 22Activation EffectsHormones that act on a days/minutes/seconds scale, and influence the expression and performance of a behaviour. Determines whether a behaviour happens or not
- 23Organization EffectsHormones that act on a months/years scale and accumulate over time or happen at the right developmental time in order to produce permanent changes in the organism's nervous system and other tissues
- 24Hormone Influences on BehaviourModify Behaviour: increase or decrease the frequency or duration
Trigger Behaviour: cause the onset or end of a behaviour or sequence of behaviours
Prime Behaviour: cause an organism to be more or less likely to behave in specific way in a specific environment - 25Synergistic Hormone EffectsHormones act together
- 26Antagonistic Hormone EffectsHormones act in opposition
- 27GenomeIncludes all of the hereditary information about an organism
- 28GenePhysical unit or stretch of DNA
- 29AlleleOne of any number of alternative forms of a DNA sequence at the same locus
- 30MutationAny change to a genomic sequence of an organism
- 31Requirements for Natural SelectionHeritability
Variation
Differential Survivorship - 32Individual SelectionIndividuals have to maximize the number of copies of own genes. This can be through sexual selection, sexual conflict, and parent-offspring and sibling conflict
- 33Kin SelectionAn individual can increase its total fitness by helping their kin
- 34Multilevel SelectionSelection on groups in certain circumstances
- 35Principle of ParsimonyTaking the simplest explanation
- 36PhylogeneticsStudy of evolutionary relationships between taxa
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- Science (Zoo 567) FlashCards sobre Module 2 Flashcards, criado por Natasha Gidluck em 30-09-2021.
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- Natasha Gidluck
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