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Flashcards

Oscillations

lizabeth rawson physics A level Inglês 51 flashcards

Oscillations

Flashcards do conjunto (51)

  1. 1define oscillating motionrepetitive motion of an object around its equilibrium position
  2. 2define equilibrium positionthe resting position of waves or particles in an oscillation
  3. 3define displacementdistance from the equilibrium position in a particular direction
  4. 4define amplitudemax displacement from equilibrium position
  5. 5define phase differencethe difference in displacement between two oscillating object or same object at different times
  6. 6define angular frequencya term used to describe the motion of an oscillating object
  7. 7give two equations for angular frequency2pi/T ans 2pif
  8. 8define simple harmonic motionoscillating motion for which the acceleration of the object is directly proportional to its displacement ans is directed towards a fixed point
  9. 9define an isochronous oscillatoran oscillator that has the same period regardless of amplitude
  10. 10define frequencythe number of compete oscillations per unit time
  11. 11what is the equation for accelerationa = -w*2 x
  12. 12give the two trigonometric equations for displacementx = Acoswt x=Asinwt
  13. 13give the equation for velocity involving amplitude____________
    v = +/- w /A*2 - x*2
  14. 14what is acceleration directly proportional to-x
  15. 15give the equation for vmaxvmax = wA
  16. 16give the equation for elastic potential energyEPE = 1/2 k x*2
  17. 17when x = A, what is the total energy equal to1/2 k A*2
  18. 18what is the equation for kinetic energy involving AKE = 0.5 x k(A*2 - x*2)
  19. 19define dampingan oscillation is damped when an external force that acts on the oscillator has the effect of reducing the amplitude of oscillations
  20. 20define light dampingdamping that occurs when the damping forces are small and the period is nearly unchanged
  21. 21define heavy dampingdamping that occurs when the damping forces are large and the period of the oscillator increases lightly with the rapid decrease in amplitude
  22. 22define free oscillationthe motion of a mechanical system displaced from its equilibrium position & the allowed to oscillate without external force
  23. 23define natural frequencythe frequency of a free oscillation
  24. 24define forced oscillationan oscillation un which a periodic driver force is applied to an oscillator
  25. 25define the driving frequencythe frequency with which the periodic driver force is applied to a system in forced oscillation
  26. 26define resonancethe increase in amplitude of a forced oscillation when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency
  27. 27describe the motion of an object displaced from its equilibrium position and then releasedit travels towards the equilibrium position with increasing speed, and then slows down once it has gone past the equilibrium position, and then reaches max displacement, is stationary temporarily and then travels towards the equilibrium position with increasing speed
  28. 28what shape is the graph of displacement and timesin or cosine
  29. 29what is acceleration directly proportional todisplacement
  30. 30what does the - sigh represent in the a = -w*2 x equationit means that the acceleration of the object acts in the direction opposite to the displacement , so it returns to the equilibrium position
  31. 31what does a graph of acceleration against displacement look like, and showgradient is equal to -w*2, gradient is constant so time period and frequency is constant, so shows the time period is independent to the amplitude. it is y=-x
  32. 32name two ways to determine the period and frequency of objects moving with shma pendulum, and masses and a spring
  33. 33describe the relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration time graphsvelocity is displacement shifted 90 degrees to the left, acceleration is velocity shifted 90 degrees to the left. the a graph is the same as the x graph but inverted, so a is directly proportional to -x
  34. 34how do you know which trigonometric equation to useif the oscillating object begins at equilibrium position, use sin, if it begins at its amplitude, use cos
  35. 35what happens when the angular frequency is increased with no change in its amplitudethe oscillator will travel the same distance in a shorter time, so the max velocity increases, and the gradient of displacement time graph increases
  36. 36what effect would increasing the amplitude haveincrease distance travelled in the same time, so max velocity will increase
  37. 37for any object moving in SHM, the ____________ stays constant, as long as there are no losses due to frictional forcestotal energy
  38. 38describe the energy changes in a mass spring system oscillating vertically and horizontallyvertically, has GPE and EPE, just horizontally is only EPE
  39. 39describe an energy displacement graph with KE and GPE plotteddescribe an energy displacement graph with KE and GPE plotted
  40. 40at any moment in a spring oscillating system what is the KE equal tothe difference between the total energy and EPE
  41. 41what is damping used foryou reduce the energy of a shock or oscillation
  42. 42give an example of light dampinga pendulum being brought to s stop due to air resistance
  43. 43give an example of heavy dampinga pendulum oscillating in treacle, no oscillating motion, just come to rest at equilibrium position
  44. 44describe the graphs of light, heavy, and very heavy dampingdescribe the graphs of light, heavy, and very heavy damping
  45. 45give an example of forced oscillation, and what is the drivera mass hanging on a vertical spring being forced to oscillate up and down oscillating up and down if the top of the spring is held and the hand moves up and down. driver is the hand
  46. 46what happens if the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequencythe object will resonate and the amplitude will increase dramatically , and if not damped the system may break
  47. 47what is Barton's pendulumpaper cone of varying lengths suspended from strings along with a brass bob, which acts as the driver. as it oscillates at its natural frequency & forces the paper cones to do the same. the paper pendulum with the same length as the brass one will resonate & its amplitude will be greater than the rest
  48. 48when does the greatest possible transfer of energy from the driver to the forced oscillator occourat resonant frequency
  49. 49give an example of an object that uses resonancemusical instruments, to produce louder notes, some tuning circuits like car radios use resonance to select correct frequent radio wave signals
  50. 50how do magnetic resonance imaging machines workMRI use the resonance of H nuclei HN in the water molecules in tissues in body. a magnetic field makes HN precess in it.RW from transmitting coils in the scanner make HN resonate & absorb energy. when stop, the HN re-emit the energy as RW photons of specific λ & r deflected, & signals r processed & produce an image
  51. 51what are the advantages of MRI machinesno harmful ionizing radiation and can see soft tissue

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Descrição
physics A level (M5 Chapter 17 Oscillations ) FlashCards sobre Oscillations, criado por lizabeth rawson em 20-10-2021.
Criado por
lizabeth rawson · out 2021
Atualizado
21 out 2021
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5
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