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Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

Euan Murray IT BTEC Inglês 134 flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (134)

  1. 1Communication-Social Networking: Instagram, Twitter
    -Electronic mail: Gmail
    -Instant messages: imessage, messenger,
    Pros: Easy for families and friends to keep in touch.
    Cons: Cyber bullying and trolls.
  2. 2Real Time Services-Train timetables
    -Traffic reports
    -Flight status updates
    -Weather reports
    -News services
    Pros: can save people time and trouble.
    Cons: downtime can cause trouble
  3. 3Commerce-Internet banking
    -Retail sales websites
    -Auction websites
    -Electro publishing
    Pros: Very convenient.
    Cons: Possible credit card fraud.
  4. 4Government:-Online tax returns
    -E-voting
    -Online applications
    Pros: Cuts the cost for the government because less people needed to work.
    Cons: Not everyone has online access.
  5. 5Education-Online learning websites
    -Online training services
    Pros: Users can work at their own pace.
    Cons: Must have online access.
  6. 6Entertainment-Online multi-user games
    -Online radio player
    Pros: Services can be accessed anywhere.
    Cons: Need broadband for media services.
  7. 7Downloading-Music and film downloads
    -Software and games downloads
    -Software upgrades
    Pros: It's legal and not piracy.
    Cons: Need fast internet to download large files.
  8. 8Business-Video conferencing
    -Collaborative working
    -Online business working
    Pros: Cuts travel costs for staff.
    Cons: Staff need training.
  9. 9PayPerClick (affiliate model)-The host displays an ad for another company
    -The host gets paid every time someone is sent to the advertiser's website
    -Every time a hyperlink is clicked they get paid
  10. 10Pop ups-These can appear when a new page is opened
    -These can appear when your mouse is hovering over a certain point
  11. 11Banners-Often at the top of the screen so you can't miss them whereas other ads can be anywhere
  12. 12Email-Websites get your email and send you many ads to your inbox
    -This isn't classed as spam because you gave them your email
  13. 13Sponsored links-Companies pay so their links are at the top of the web browser
    -This is so they get more clicks and views on their website
  14. 14Benefits of ads-Many people will see your company
    -You can get paid for putting ads on your website
    -Companies get attention for them
  15. 15Why they can be annoying-Not everyone is happy using cookies
    -Unwanted malware is sometimes generated
    -Some ads play as soon as your page loads
  16. 16File CompressionFile compression is when a file is squashed and made smaller. This is when a file goes from one file type to another and the quality gets downgraded.
  17. 17IndexCreates a store of all repeated words and is later on used to reassemble the contents to the best quality.
  18. 18AlgorithmA method to reduce data.
    An example is to cut all repeating words.
  19. 19Benefits-Less storage space
    -Faster upload
    -Faster download
  20. 20Advantages of Online services-Can be accessed anywhere
    -Don't need to save
    -Can be recovered easily
    -Automatic updates
  21. 21Disadvantages of Online services-Need good and reliable internet
    -Not very reliable
    -Could get hacked
  22. 22Advantages of Standalone services-You own it
    -Do not rely on the internet
    -Runs fast because it's on your hard drive
  23. 23Disadvantages of Standalone services-Can only be accessed from your computer
    -Need to remember to save otherwise it will be lost and cannot be recovered
  24. 24Backup and Restore-This is to save your data to prevent you from losing it and also you can get any data that has been lost
  25. 25Advantages of Collaborative Working-People can work online together even if they're in different places or countries
    -So they don't need to travel which saves money
    -Only need one version of a document which everyone can edit
  26. 26The Importance of Version Control and how it can be used-Records changes to a file over time so that you can recall specific versions
    -Keeps everyone working on the latest version
  27. 27Levels of Access-This is so only certain people can access certain files
    -Staff can access areas depending on their role
    -Students and teachers see different parts of network
  28. 28File Permission-File permission gives people limited access
    -This is so people can only do certain things: view, comment and edit.
  29. 29Online Communities-Network of friends
    -Need members online at the same time
    -Others can interact at different times such as VLE
  30. 30Virtual World-A computed simulated virtual world where can interact with each other
    -Such as Second Life that only exists online
  31. 31Blog-A web log or online journal that is meant to be updated often
    -Journalists sharing stories or advertisement
  32. 32Micro-Blog-A website or app where short messages are exchanged
    -For example Twitter
  33. 33Chatroom-A place on the web where many users at the same time can communicate "live"
    -Usually people with shared interests
  34. 34Wiki-Sites where authorised users can logon to add or edit content: Wikipedia
    -Usually people with shared interests
  35. 35Podcast-Audio or video files that are usually published in instalments
    -Media channels sharing TV or radio shows or advertising
  36. 36Chat-Where people are online at the same time and post messages in "real time": iMessage, Snapchat or Instagram
  37. 37Description of Netiquette-Netiquette is a set of rules for users to acknowledge
  38. 38Profile-A profile is an online users' presence on something such as social media
  39. 39Avatar-An avatar is an image to represent you online
  40. 40What is VoIP-A VoIP is a voice over internet protocol
    -This a method of a real-time communication over the internet: Skype
  41. 41Advantages-Free way to make video calls over the internet
    -Available to connect anywhere with internet
    -Reduces travel costs
    -Easier and better collaboration
  42. 42Disadvantages-Relies on peoples internet so it can buffer or be slow
    -Data being exchanged is at risk of security threats
    -Voice and video quality can be affected since it is being transmitted over the internet
  43. 43Equipment RequiredYou will need many pieces of equipment:
    -Web cam
    -Microphone
    -Speakers
    -A device to use
    -You could use a headset instead of a microphone and speakers
    -In addition, most of these pieces of hardware are now built in into modern devices
  44. 44Ubiquitous Computing Internet of Everything-Ubiquitous Computing is where processors are built into everyday objects that are connected online
    -Satnavs are built into cars ton direct the driver
    -Pacemakers are fitted to regulate a heartbeat
  45. 45RFID Chips-Radio Frequency Identification chips are used to track and identify for stock control
    -Some cap flaps only open if the animal is wearing the correct RFID chip
    -Some fridges have these and if a tagged product is placed in the fridge it can automatically read the RFID
  46. 46Cloud Computing-Cloud computing is where you use external servers instead of your hard drive
    -
  47. 47Benefits of Cloud Computing-Saves money as you don't need to pay for them
    -You can do it anywhere with an internet connection
  48. 48ISPISP
  49. 49NAPNAP
  50. 50Server-Runs special software to serve other computers
    -Different types include file, print, web and email servers.
  51. 51Client-A computer/device that uses services provided by a server
    -The computer you use to access the internet is a client.
  52. 52Router-A device that routes data traffic through a network
    -They are intelligent and will try to find the best routes.
  53. 53Backbone-A 'big' cable (often fibre optic) that connects a large number of devices in the 'core' of the internet.
  54. 54ISP ConnectionsISP Connections
  55. 55ISP-Internet Service Provider
    -Allows connection to the internet
    -Can also provide additional services at a fee such as website hosting, email and tech support
    -Can provide connection to one or many clients
  56. 56PoP-Point of Presence
    -Is an access point to the internet
    -An ISP may have several PoPs to allow good access to the internet
  57. 57NAP-Network Access Point
    -Where different networks interconnect, such as your home network onto the internet
  58. 58Advantages of Dial up connections-Can use existing telephone wires
    -Gives connection where broadband is not available
  59. 59Disadvantages of Dial up connections-Older technology can give poor reception
    -Usually slower than other methods
    -Conversion between digital and analogue can cause errors
  60. 60Advantages of Broadband-Usually better reception and speed than dial up and wireless
  61. 61Disadvantages of Broadband-Wired so has to be used at a stationary device
    -Broadband is not available in rural areas
  62. 62Advantages of Wireless-Not fixed to a stationary device
    -Can be used whenever wireless is available
  63. 63Disadvantages of Wireless-Need to have wireless internet available
    -Can be less secure than wired
    -Tends to be slower than wired
  64. 64Bandwidth SpeedsBandwidth Speeds
  65. 65HTTP-Hypertext Transfer Protocol
    -A set of rules that handle what we do on the web
    -Used to send and receive webpages and files on the internet
  66. 66HTTPS-Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
    -Data on the web page is scrambled before sending it across the internet so if data was intercepted it would not be understood
    -Protects privacy against 'hackers'
  67. 67FTP-File Transfer Protocol
    -It is used to upload and download files from a server
    -Used by web developers to transfer files to their web server
  68. 68TCP-Transmission Control Protocol
    -Breaks data into packets
    -Assembles the data again when they arrive
  69. 69IP-Internet Protocol
    -Handles the routes of packets
    -That is addressing, sending and receiving packets over the net
  70. 70World Wide Web LayoutWorld Wide Web Layout
  71. 71Hyperlinks-The web works because of hyperlinks
    -They connect web pages together
    -When clicked you are taken to a new web page
  72. 72Web Serevers-Websites are stored here
    -When you access a web page through a browser, the page is temporally downloaded onto your computer
    -Is it the web server's job to deliver the web page requested
  73. 73Browsers-Web pages are accessed through browsers
    -These are applications which allow a user to enter a URL and view a webpage
    -Your browser reads a HTML code and displays the page
  74. 74URL Uniform Resource LocatorsURL Uniform Resource Locators
  75. 75Search EnginesSearch Engines
  76. 76Client Side-The client side is where someone is on a client (a device)
  77. 77Search Engine-Search engines are special websites that allow users to find data on the internet
    -Examples include Bing, Google and Yahoo
  78. 78Server Side-The server side is where the web servers receive information from the client side
  79. 79Spider/Web Crawler-Search engines use automated programs called web crawlers which look for new and updated pages and log them to the search engines database called the index
  80. 80Index-The search engine searches its index, which is its database of web pages
  81. 81Database-The database is an abundance of web pages that is ordered in popularity
  82. 82Sponsored Link Results-This is when a company pays the search engine money so that it can be at or near the top of the results
  83. 83Adverts-A search engine such as Google will have adverts specifically specialised for you and your needs
    -However sometimes companies will pay the search engine money to post their adverts on the results page
  84. 84Popularity-The results of the question asked by the client side will be ordered by popularity by the search engine
  85. 85Store and Forward-This is when an email is held on a server by the company until the recipient requests to download and open it
  86. 86Address Book / Contact Group-These store contacts and you can also use distribution lists to email lots of people simultaneously
  87. 87CC-Carbon Copy
    -This is when you send a copy of an email and all the recipients can see each other
  88. 88BCC-Blind Carbon Copy
    --This is when you send a copy of an email and all the recipients can't see each other
  89. 89Benefits of Using Email-You can attach multiple files
    -The speed of delivery is very fast
    -Access it anywhere with internet
  90. 90Drawbacks of Using Email-Can get spam emails
    -Some emails are designed to trick people
    -Sometimes you can get viruses
    -Not everyone has internet connection
    -Isn't real time so you can't get an instant reply
  91. 91Packet Switching-The process of data being broken into 'packets' before being sent through a network and then re-assembled at the other end.
  92. 92Advantages of Packet Switching-Packets chose different routes so traffic flow is efficient
    -Big files can be sent but don't clog network
    -Give security benefit because if intercepted, the hacker will only have one part of a file.
  93. 93Disadvantages of Packet Switching-If one or more packets are lost or corrupted during transmission, the whole file will not be received correctly.
  94. 94What are Codecs?-Converts analogue data to digital data by decoding and coding data.
  95. 95Simplex-Signals in one direction at a time
    -E.g TV remote and a TV.
  96. 96Full Duplex-Signals go in both directions at the same time
    -E.g Phones.
  97. 97Half Duplex-Signals go in both directions but not at the same time
    -E.g A PC and printer or radios.
  98. 98Serial Transmission-Bits of data are transferred one at a time over a cable
    -Good over large distances
    -Has to be broken into individual bits.
  99. 99Parallel Transmission-Bits of data are transferred simultaneously (a whole byte-maximum)
    -Faster because more bits transferred per second
    -Only short distances.
  100. 100Unshielded Twisted Pair/Shielded Twisted Pair-Contains pairs of copper wires twisted together
    -Used for LANs
    -Cheaper than other methods
    -Reliable
    -The STP has plastic coating to protect from other signals
    -Slow
    -Low capacity
    -Used over short distances
    -Data can be interfered with if near another digital device.
  101. 101Coaxial Cable-Is solid copper wire with thick shielding
    -Reliable
    -Slow
    -Low capacity
    -Used over short distances
    -Thick and physically inflexible
    -Susceptible to noise.
  102. 102Fibre Optics-Strands of glass carry data as light
    -Used for backbone of network
    -Fast
    -Used over long distances
    -Little inference
    -Used for backbone of network.
  103. 103Infrared-Use infrared light to transmit data
    -That's very high frequency light
    -Reliable
    -Short range
    -Devices must be in line of sight
    -Can suffer from interference
  104. 104Bluetooth-Uses waves with short wavelengths to transmit data
    -Good for medium distances
    -Can suffer from interference from other devices
    -E.g a microwave oven that is near to a computer device.
  105. 105Satellite-Uses satellite in space to relay data between points on earth
    -E.g GPS
    -Good for very long distances
    -Very expensive.
  106. 106NIC & NAP-Network Interface Card
    -Network Access Point
    -Devices using wireless networking need a NIC
    -It is the hardware for receiving wireless signals
    -It is built-into modern devices e.g tablets and phones
    -The NIC connects to a NAP
    -Lots of places offer NAPs, such as cafes and libraries.
  107. 107Client and Server Side Processor-Server-side processing uses the web server to process web page data
    -Server-side processing is where the interactivity on a web page is processed on the web server
    -Client-side processing uses the client's computer to process web page data in data exchange
    -Client-side processing is where the interactivity on a web page is downloaded and processed using the client's processor.
  108. 108Examples of Client and Server Side Processing-Client Side - A rollover image that changes when a user hovers over it.
    -Server Side - A form completed online then submitted to the server side to be processed and stored.
  109. 109AdvantagesClient Side:
    -High speeds
    -Good security
    Server Side:
    -Very efficient
    -Browser independent
    -High speeds.
  110. 110disadvantagesClient Side:
    -Browser-specific
    -Reliant on computer speed
    Server Side:
    -Risk of security
    -Possible overloads.
  111. 111Database-A structured collection of data.
  112. 112Table-Stores a set of data
    -E.g details of all the students in school.
  113. 113Field-A field are the columns in a table
    -E.g forename, surname, gender, date of birth.
  114. 114Record-A record is one row that stores data about one single item
    -E.g a student's details.
  115. 115Primary Key-The primary key is a special field with a unique identifier
    -E.g a student ID.
  116. 116Foreign Key-The foreign key's purpose is to link to the supplier table.
  117. 117Relationship-Most databases need more than one table to store all the data
    -So the tables need to be linked or related to create a relational database.
  118. 118Data Types and Uses-Text - any kind of characters, including letters and numbers. E.g LA6 2HJ
    -Numeric - number values. E.g 38.9
    -Data/time - dates and times. E.g 18/01/22
    -Boolean - One of two values. E.g yes/no or true/false.
  119. 119Online and Local Database-Online means a database that could be accessed around the world
    -Local means a database held inside a network to keep it secure.
  120. 120Features-Local databases are well protected
    -Online databases can be accessed 'on the move' via Wi-Fi.
  121. 121DBMS-Database Management System
    -A software that allows you to create and use your own database
    -Creates tables and fields and allows you search and sort data
    -Handles security to prevent un-authorised access.
    -Can also allow for different levels of access for different users.
  122. 122SQL-Structured Query Language
    -Is the language used by DBMS to create and search a database
    -Has a data definition language to set up the tables
    -Has a data manipulation for updates and search queries.
  123. 123Present Check-Check to see if data has been entered and not left blank.
  124. 124Range Check-Check values are in sensible range
    -E.g effort grades between 1 and 5.
  125. 125Format Check-Check that data is in required format
    -E.g a date is DD/MM/YY.
  126. 126Check Digit-Use digits in a code to check the data is right
    -E.g a barcode.
  127. 127Threats To DataThreats To Data
  128. 128How To Protect DataHow To Protect Data
  129. 129ThreatsOpportunist - Make sure you log off every time you leave your PC
    Virus - Do not click on any unsecure websites
    Malware - Do not click on any unsecure websites
    Phishing - Do not click on any links that seem 'to good to be true'
    Accidental damage - Make sure you have back up data that you can recover
    Hackers - Keep all of your personal information to yourself.
  130. 130Data Protection Act-Forces organisations to the protect the data they store about people
    -Lays down 8 principals
    -Can be fined if you don't follow them.
  131. 131Computer Misuse Act-Target hackers and virus-makers
    -Focused on 'un-authorised access'
    -Starts with access, then intention to do more harm and then alerting data.
  132. 132Copyright, Designs and Patents Act-Aimed at preventing piracy
    -Protects rights of the makers of software, photos, music and films
    -So use without permission is illegal.
  133. 133Freedom of Information Act-Gives people the right to see data stored about them by public sector organisation
    -E.g councils and government
    -Anyone can make a 'FOI' request.
  134. 134Hotspot-The part of an image where a hyperlink is
    -The part where your mouse goes from a pointer to a finger.

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BTEC IT FlashCards sobre Unit 1 Flashcards, criado por Euan Murray em 16-11-2021.
Criado por
Euan Murray
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