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Flashcards

POPULATION CHANGE - geography

Vishal Kapila Geography GCSE Inglês 53 flashcards

how has the world population changed since 1500?

Flashcards do conjunto (53)

  1. 1how has the world population changed since 1500?- At first there was a slow increase
    - Over last 150 years there has been a very quick increase.    how has the world population changed since 1500?
  2. 2what 2 things affect population change?- Birth rate
    - Death rate
  3. 3what is natural increase?When the birth rate exceeds the death rate - Population grows
  4. 4what is natural decrease?When the death rate exceeds the birth rate - population decreases
  5. 5what is the population growth like in DEVELOPING COUNTRIES vs DEVELOPED COUNTRIES?- In DEVELOPING countries there has been a much higher growth since 1970
    - In DEVELOPED countries the growth has been steady (even started going down) and there are less people.    what is the population growth like in DEVELOPING COUNTRIES vs DEVELOPED COUNTRIES?
  6. 6what is the DTM (demographic transition model)?It shows the 5 stages of population growth.
    We can use the DTM to see what stage of population growth a country is at.
    -Poorer (less developed) countries are in the EARLIER stages
    - Richer (more developed) countries are in the LATER stages.
  7. 7DTM pictureDTM picture
  8. 8What is the population structure of a country and how is it shown?- It shows the amount of people in each age group and shows how many people are male/female.
    - Shown as population pyramids.
  9. 9How is each stage of the DTM shown as a population pyramid?How is each stage of the DTM shown as a population pyramid?
  10. 10Factors that affect the population size in an area?- Medicine
    - Contraception
    - Wars
    - Migration
    - Technology
    - Education
  11. 11Stage 1 - Population pyramid features- Mostly young people (low lifetime)
    - High death rate (poor healthcare)
    - High birth rate (poor contraception)
    - No population growth    Stage 1 - Population pyramid features
  12. 12Stage 2 - Population pyramid features- Still younger population (longer lifetime)
    - High birth rate (no contraception + children needed for farmwork)
    - Decreasing death rate (better healthcare)
    - High population growth    Stage 2 - Population pyramid features
  13. 13Stage 3 - Population pyramid features- Alot longer lifetime now
    - Falling birth rate (women work,c contraception, less children for farms)
    - Death rate falls (better medication)
    - High population growth    Stage 3 - Population pyramid features
  14. 14Stage 4 - Population pyramid features- high lifetime
    - Low birth rate (people move to the city (urbanisation) - less money for children)
    - Low death rate
    - No population growth    Stage 4 - Population pyramid features
  15. 15Stage 5 - Population pyramid features- More older people than younger
    - Falling birth rate (less money for children - money used on elderly family)
    - Low death rate
    - Negative population growth    Stage 5 - Population pyramid features
  16. 16SOCIAL IMPACTS of rapid population growth- Services like healthcare cant cope with so many people
    - Not enough HOUSING ---> disease
    - FOOD SHORTAGES
  17. 17ECONOMIC IMPACTS of rapid population growth- Not enough jobs - UNEMPLOYED
    - Increased POVERTY because people are born into poor families (unemployed)
  18. 18POLITICAL IMPACTS of rapid population growth- Most of the population is young people so government focuses on young people (education, childcare) and don't focus on older people (not many older people)
    - Government make policies that stop population getting too big
  19. 192 strategies to help slow population growth- Birth control policies
    - Immigration laws
  20. 20What are BIRTH CONTROL POLICIES and how does it help us?- Government limits number of children per couple
    - Government gives free contraception/advice
    - This is SUSTAINABLE as resources are saved for the future
  21. 21What are IMMIGRATION LAWS and how do they help us?- Limit number of people immigrating in
    - Be selective about who they let in (less child bearers allowed in)
    - This slows down population growth
  22. 22What is population distribution?How the population is spread out across the world
  23. 23What is population density?The number of people that live in an area (people per square km)
  24. 24Reasons for population densities- Relief - flat land = better farming (dense)
    - Climate - steady climate (dense)
    - Resources and jobs - more resources (dense)
    - Politics - stable government (dense)
    - Natural disasters - less disasters (dense)
  25. 25CASE STUDY how to manage rapid population growth - CHINA ONE CHILD POLICY - where, what and why?- In China
    - Is a system where each couple can have only 1 child (unless twins, or if a RURAL couple have a girl/disabled child)
    - Put in place because the population size was causing problems (resource shortage, unemployment)
  26. 26What are the benefits of having ONE CHILD and consequence of have MORE THAN ONE CHILD?- Privilege = better housing, free education, 2 'only childs' can have 2 children together
    - Don't get any privileges and are fined
  27. 27Effectiveness of ONE CHILD POLICY- Prevented 400,000 births
    - 1970 births per mother = 5
    2013 births per mother = 1.5
  28. 28Controversy of ONE CHILD POLICY- Increased forced abortions
    - Gender inequality (140 boys:100 girls)
    - Increased crime (rape)
    - Little Emperors
  29. 29ONE CHILD POLICY - how is it being promoted?- ADVERTISING (radio, TV, leaflets, advice classes)
  30. 30CASE STUDY - INDONESIA population distribution - what, why, where?- In Indonesia
    - Population not evenly distributed (caused problems such as resource shortage, lack of housing, increased poverty/unemployment)
    - Millions of people moved from more dense islands to less dense islands
  31. 31INDONESIA effectiveness- Still not that much more evenly spread
    - People who moved are still poor (no skills to farm on new island)
    - Conflict between natives and migrants
    - OVERALL IT HASN'T WORKED
  32. 32ECONOMIC impacts of AGEING POPULATION-Less taxes
    - Alot of money from taxes goes to pension
    - Less money spent on education/healthcare by government and more spent on pension
  33. 33SOCIAL impacts of AGEING POPULATION- Harder for healthcare to cope
    - People have dependent older relatives so cant afford to have many children
  34. 342 NON-SUSTAINABLE ways of coping with an ageing poulation- Encourage LARGER FAMILIES (rewards given)
    - Encourage immigration of YOUNGER, WORKING AGED PEOPLE.
  35. 352 SUSTAINABLE ways of coping with an ageing population- RAISE RETIREMENT AGE (less pension claimed)
    - RAISE TAXES (more money to support ageing population)
  36. 36CASE STUDY - UK (ageing population) - Reasons for ageing population- Better medicine mean people live longer
    - Baby booms (lots of babies born) in 1940s and 1960s
    - Fewer births since 1970s
  37. 37UK - problems of an ageing population- Government struggling to pay pension
    - Not enough taxes paid (elderly don't pay taxes)
    - Health service devoting alot of time to elderly
    - Government focus on elderly, not future
  38. 38UK - government strategies to cope with ageing population- Raise retirement age (60+65 ---> 68)
    - Encourage immigration of young people to UK
    - Encourage larger families
  39. 39what is IMMIGRATION?- People coming INTO the country
  40. 40what is EMIGRATION?- people LEAVING the country
  41. 41What are the 2 types of Migration?- EXTERNAL MIGRANT - international migration
    - INTERNAL MIGRANT -migration in the same country
  42. 42What are PUSH factors?- Reasons to LEAVE a country (negative) - poor living conditions, lack of jobs, disease, wars, natural disaster
  43. 43what are PULL factors?- Reasons to move to a NEW country (positive) - better jobs, higher wages
  44. 44IMPACTS of migration on the ORIGINAL COUNTRY+ MONEY SENT BACK HOME
    + Less demand on SERVICES
    - Fewer people to WORK (less tax payed)
    - AEGING poulation
  45. 45IMPACTS of migration on the DESTINATION COUNTRY+ More people can WORK (more taxes)
    - MONEY SENT BACK HOME
    - Increased demand on SERVICES
    - CONFLICT
  46. 46CASE STUDY - UK AND POLAND MIGRATION (migration in the EU) - how many people migrated from Poland to UK?- 500,000 (2004-2007)
  47. 47UK AND POLAND - Polish PUSH factors- High UNEMPLOYMENT (19%)
    - Low wages
    - Housing shortages
  48. 48UK AND POLAND - UK PULL factors- Good EXCHANGE RATE (pound worth more than polish currency)
    - EASY to migrate (UK allowed unlimited migration in 2004)
    - More WORK, higher WAGES
  49. 49IMPACTS in Poland+ Money sent back (€3 billion)
    - Shortage of workers
    - population of Poland fell (0.3%)
  50. 50IMPACTS in UK+ Boosted economy
    + New polish shops (diversity)
  51. 51CASE STUDY - SPAIN AND AFRICA (migration to the EU) - what, where and why?- Many African REFUGEES cross Mediterranean sea to get to Spain (45,000 in 2001)
    - Forced to flee their homes due to WAR
    - There is only a PUSH FACTOR - WAR
  52. 52IMPACTS in Africa- Shoratge of workers (bad for economy) (-)
    - Families get separated (-)
  53. 53IMPACTS in Spain- CONFLICT (-)
    - Increased BIRTH RATE (young migrant) (-)
    - More unskilled workers (+)

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GCSE Geography FlashCards sobre POPULATION CHANGE - geography, criado por Vishal Kapila em 02-12-2015.
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Vishal Kapila
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