Flashcards
Anatomy: Teeth
Flashcards do conjunto (114)
- 1What are teeth?Hard structures used for grinding, tearing and crushing of food
- 2What are the Greek and Latin terms for teeth?Greek = odus
Latin = dens - 3What can be a consequence of periodontal disease?Loosening of teeth
- 4What is caries?Progressive destruction of hard tissues of tooth (rare in domestic species)
- 5What is the technical term for inflammation of gums?Gingivitis
- 6What is the directional term for the tooth surface closest to the midline (rostral)?Mesial
- 7What is the directional term for the tooth surface furthest from the midline (caudal)?Distal
- 8What is the directional term for the vestibular tooth surface?Labial/buccal
- 9What is the directional term for the tooth surface closest to the tongue?Palatal/lingual
- 10What is the directional term for the tooth root?Apical
- 11What is the directional term for the surface where the teeth meet?Coronal/occlusal
- 12Give 3 classifications of teeth according to how they are attached to the jawAcrodont = sit atop gums
Pleurodont = tooth attached to medial surface
Thecodont (mammals) = implanted in deep sockets called alveoli along the jaw margin - 13What is the term for multiple successions of teeth?Polyphyodont
- 14Which species have multiple successions of teeth?Most vertebrates
- 15What is the term for 2 successions of teeth?Diphyodont
- 16Which species have 2 successions of teeth?Mammals
- 17What is the correct term for 'milk' teeth?Temporary or deciduous teeth
- 18What is the term for teeth having a variety of shapes serving different specialised functions?Heterodont
- 19Which species have this type of dentition where teeth are specialised for different functions?Mammals
- 20What is the term for teeth all being the same shape?Homodont
- 21What type of teeth do carnivores and omnivores have?Brachydont
Crown or enamel-covered part coincides with region of tooth above gum line - 22What type of teeth do herbivores have?Hypsodont
Significant part of enamel-covered region of tooth is located below the gum line - 23What are the 4 types of heterodont teeth?Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars - 24Give 4 adaptations of the teeth in carnivoresIncisors for snipping at food before it enters the mouth, grooming and nibbling
Well-developed canines for tearing and grasping
Sectorial/carnassial teeth for shearing
Pointed molars for crushing bone - 25How many incisors are present in carnivores?3 per quadrant
12 in total - 26How many canines do dogs have?Only 1 per quadrant
- 27Which teeth are developed into carnassial teeth in cats and dogs?4th upper premolar
1st lower molar - 28What is the term for breeds with an elongated cranial part of the face?Dolicocephalic
- 29What is the term for breeds that have a cranial part of the face the same length as the main facial region?Mesaticephalic
- 30What is the clinical relevance of an elongated cranial part of the face?Food more likely to get stuck, predisposing to problems such as gingivitis and periodontal disease
- 31What is the term for breeds that have an extremely short cranial part of the face?Brachycephalic
- 32What is the clinical relevance of a short cranial part of the face?Predisposes to dental crowding, as a result of supernumerary teeth or deciduous teeth being retained
- 33Give 3 examples of dolicocephalic dog breedsGreyhound
Whippet
Saluki - 34Give 3 examples of mesaticephalic dog breedsLabrador
Golden Retriever
Cocker Spaniel - 35Give 3 examples of brachycephalic dog breedsChihuahua
Pug
English Bulldog - 36Give 4 effects of selective breeding on dentitionPrognathia (underbite)
Brachygnathia (overbite)
Dental crowing
Rotation of teeth, which may require extraction if bite abnormalities result - 37Give 4 features of the teeth in horsesIncisors for snipping
Rudimentary canines
Diastema or toothless gap
Cheek teeth (premolars and molars) for grinding and chewing - 38What are wolf teeth in horses?1st premolar - usually upper jaw
Interfere with the bit so require extraction - 39What is the classification of ruminant teeth?Only cheek teeth (premolars and molars) are hypsodont
Incisors are brachydont - 40Give 4 features of the teeth in ruminantsDental pad instead of upper incisors/canine teeth
Cheek teeth (molars and premolars)
Toothless gap called a diastema
Canines integrated to incisors in lower jaw, known as corner incisors - 41What is the primary distinguishing feature of the teeth in carnivores?Sectorial/carnassial teeth
- 42What is the primary distinguishing feature of the teeth in ungulates?Molars specialised for grinding fibrous food
- 43What is the primary distinguishing feature of the teeth in primates?Compression teeth (specialised molars) for chewing hard nuts and seeds
- 44What is the name for the centre of the tooth?Pulp
- 45What is the name for the socket of the tooth?Alveolus
- 46What covers the tooth root in brachydont teeth?Cement
- 47What holds a tooth into its socket?Periodontal ligament
- 48What substance surrounds the centre of the tooth?Dentine
- 49What is the hard substance covering the tooth crown in brachydont teeth?Enamel
- 50What is the neck of a tooth?Where cement and enamel commonly adjoin
- 51What is different about hypsodont teeth?Enamel covers entire tooth, surrounded by a layer of cement
- 52What are the 3 calcified tissues of teeth?Enamel
Dentine
Cement - 53What type of tissue is found in the teeth and what is its clinical significance?Acellular so little regenerative capacity
- 54What is the diference between the clinical and anatomical crown?Clinical crown = above gum line
Anatomical crown = enamel covered region - 55What is the function of hypsodont teeth?Gradually extruded to compensate for wear
- 56Describe the occlusal surface of horse cheek teethMade up of enamel (white), cement (yellow) and secondary dentine (dark)
Wear at different rates, causing undulations of the surface which improve grinding - 57What can be caused by irregular chewing movements in horses?Buccal edge of upper cheek teeth and lingual edge of lower cheek teeth form sharp protrusions known as 'arrows'
- 58What are the two dental arcades?Upper/maxillary arcade
Lower/mandibular arcade - 59Name the 8 main bones of the skullFrontal
Parietal
Temporal
Zygomatic
Nasal
Maxilla
Incisive bone
Palatine bone - 60What does the frontal bone contain?Frontal sinus
- 61Which two bones form the cranium?Frontal and parietal
- 62Which two bones form the zygomatic arch?Temporal bone
Zygomatic bone - 63Which important muscle arises from the zygomatic arch?Masseter muscle, important in chewing (particularly for herbivores)
- 64What does the maxilla contain?Canines, premolars and molars
- 65What does the incisive bone contain?Incisors
- 66What is the palatine bone?Hard palate
- 67Describe the structure of the mandibleHorizontal body
Vertical ramus articulating with the temporal bone - 68How is oxygenated blood supplied to the teeth?Branches of the maxillary artery
- 69What is the innervation of the teeth?Trigeminal nerve branches V2 and V3
- 70What are dental formulae?Number and classification of teeth in a particular species (young/adult)
- 71What is the Triadan system?Assigns 3 digit number to each tooth
1st digit is quadrant
2nd and 3rd digits are tooth number sequentially from rostral to caudal - 72Give the dental formula for canine deciduous dentition(2x)
I3-C1-P3
I3-C1-P3 - 73Give the dental formula for canine permanent dentition(2x)
I3-C1-P4-M2
I3-C1-P4-M3 - 74How many roots do canine incisors have?1 root
- 75How can upper and lower canine incisors be distinguished?Upper incisors are trilobed
Lower incisors are bilobed
Note that lobations can be lost with age - 76How many roots do dogs' canine teeth have?1 root
- 77Give 3 features of canine teeth in dogsRoot is longer than crown
Laterally compressed
Firmly implanted - 78How many premolars do dogs have?16 in total
4 per quadrant - 79How many roots do canine premolars have?First premolar can have 1 or 2 roots
Second, third, and fourth lower premolar have 2 roots
Fourth upper premolar is enlarged to form a carnassial/sectorial tooth and has 3 roots - 80How many molars do dogs have?10 in total
- 81How are molars in dogs adapted to their function?Developed for crushing so have a broader occlusal surface
- 82How many roots do molar teeth have?Upper molars have 3 roots
Lower molars have 2 roots - 83Give 2 reasons why teeth need to be extractedDental crowding e.g. due to retained deciduous teeth
Periodontal disease (Greyhounds and small breeds suffer particularly) - 84Give the dental formula for feline deciduous dentition(2x)
I3-C1-P3
I3-C1-P2 - 85Give the dental formula for feline permanent dentition(2x)
I3-C1-P3-M1
I3-C1-P2-M1 - 86What may happen to feline incisor teeth with age?Smaller incisors may be shed with age
- 87Describe canine teeth of catsSharp and pointed
Single root - 88Which premolars are missing in cats?P1 of upper arcade
P1 and P2 of lower arcade - 89Which tooth in cats is the only one to have 3 roots?P4 of upper arcade (carnassial tooth)
- 90How many roots do feline molars have?2 roots
- 91Which molars are missing in cats?M2 of upper arcade
M2 and M3 of lower arcade - 92What is a common dental problem in cats?Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions
- 93Give 4 alternative names for this conditionNeck lesions
Root resorptions
Cavities
Cervical line erosions - 94What happens if a feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion enters the pulp?Tooth must be removed
- 95Give the dental formula for equine deciduous dentition(2x)
I3-C0-P3
I3-C0-P3 - 96Give the dental formula for equine permanent dentition(2x)
I3-C1-P3(4)-M3
I3-C1-P3(4)-M3 - 97How many premolars do horses have?3 or 4 premolars depending in whether wolf teeth are present
- 98Give 5 common equine dental problemsMalocclusion
Diastema (also term for abnormal gaps between teeth)
Abscesses
Canine caries
Point formation - 99Give 6 reasons why horses may require teeth extractedFractured teeth
Malaligned teeth
Supernumerary teeth
Retained deciduous teeth
Impaction
Abscesses - 100Give 2 methods of equine tooth extractionRepulsion via entry through maxillary sinus
Buccotomy via entry through cheek - 101Which quadrants have which number in the Triadan system?1 = upper right
2 = upper left
3 = lower left
4 = lower right - 102What does PI on a dental chart stand for?Plaque index
- 103What does CI on a dental chart stand for?Calculus index
- 104What does GI on a dental chart stand for?Gingivus index
- 105Give 4 features of dentition in rabbitsHypsodont teeth
Long incisors
No canines
Cheek teeth (premolars and molars) - 106Give 2 features of dentition in ratsPigmented incisors for gnawing
Cheek teeth arranged in near parallel rows - 107Give 5 features of dentition in rabbitsLarge lower central incisors for picking up prey
Lower incisors fit between upper incisors
Small canines
Sharp premolars for grinding
Broad molars - 108What is the common term used for a horse with an overbite?Parrot-mouthed
- 109Which teeth may be absent in the horse?Wolf teeth (1st premolar)
Canines may not erupt in mares - 110Why must care be taken when extracting canine teeth from dogs?Root longer than crown and deeply implanted so care is needed not to damage or enter the nasal cavity
- 111What is the name for the toothless part of a sheep's mouth?Mental foramen
- 112What are the recesses either side of the tongue?Palatine tonsils
- 113What is located lateral to the recesses of the side of the tongue?Palatoglossal arch
- 114Describe the relative locations of the vocal cord, epiglottis and tracheal openingVocal cord dorsal to tracheal opening, which is in turn dorsal to the epiglottis
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- BVSc Year 1 (Alimentary and Renal) FlashCards sobre Anatomy: Teeth, criado por Florence Edwards em 19-01-2016.
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- Florence Edwards
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