Flashcards
Baroque
Flashcards do conjunto (95)
- 1What did this period see?It saw the development of the earliest orchestras and the first large scale musical works for stage
- 2What was the years of this period?1600-1750
- 3What are large scale musical works for stage called?Opera
- 4What were the best known composers called?Bach
Handel
Purcell
Vivaldi - 5What do the features of Baroque include?Movements
Short Melodies
Orchestras
Use of instruments like harpsichord and organ
Simple, mainly diatonic
Clear contrast between loud and soft - 6What are movements?Independent sections within a longer work with the same basic mood throughout
- 7What happens to the short melodies?They are spun out to become longer and highly decorated
- 8What are the orchestras mainly based on?The string family
- 9Why did the orchestras have limited use of wind instruments?Because it was not developed enough
- 10Why were harpsichord and organ used?To fill out music with chords- continuo
- 11What is meant by diatonic?Notes belonging to the key, no chromatic notes
- 12What were the harmonies in?Major and minor keys
- 13What is the clear contrasts between loud and soft called?Terraced dynamics, not gradual changes
- 14What is an oratorio?It is a large scale work for solo voices,choir and orchestra.
Like an opera but based on biblical stories.
Performed in a concert with no costumes, scenery or acting. - 15How many oratorios did Handel write?More than 20
- 16What was the most famous?The Messiah
- 17When was the Messiah written century and year?1741
18th Century - 18Why did Handel write oratorios?He wrote them during Lent when the theatres were not allowed to present stage works on certain days. These concerts kept the singers and orchestra of the Italian opera company employed
- 19What was the difference between Handel's oratorios?They were in English not Italian
- 20What was there also?There was also a number of movements for the chorus to compensate for the lack of acting
- 21How long did it take Handel to write the Messiah?3 weeks
- 22When was it first performed?13th April 1742
- 23What were the instruments in it when Handel performed it in Dublin?16 singers
10 string players
A harpsichord
Organ
2 trumpets
Timpani - 24In the 18th century what was different?It was slightly lower so the recording is a semitone down
- 25Who is in the alto part?Men
- 26What does the oratorio start with?An overture in E minor
- 27What is this followed by?2 movements in E major with a tenor soloist
- 28And next?And the glory of the Lord- the 4th movement
- 29What key is ATGL in?A major
- 30The score has 8 staves which are?In Alto clef: 1st violins
2nd violins
Violas
Choir Parts: Soprano
Alto
Tenor
Bass
Continuo Bass
Cellos
Double Basses
Harpsichord/Organ - 31What is the tempo?Allegro
Adagio for the last 4 bars - 32What is the entire chorus based on?4 motifs
One for each phrase of the text - 33What is done with these motifs throughout the movement?They are repeated, varied and combined in many different ways
- 34What is motif A?And the glory, the glory of the Lord
- 35Explain Motif AStarts with leaps on the chord of A major
Ends with steps on the last 3 notes of the A major scale
This melody defines the key of the music and the ascent from A to A give a confident feel
The word setting is syllabic. - 36What is Motif B?Shall be revealed
- 37Explain motif BHas a smooth descending outline
The word revealed is melismatic
The dotted rhythm pattern in one bar is repeated to step lower in the next bar - 38What is motif C?and all flesh shall see it together
- 39Explain Motif CIt is a repeated figure spanning that interval from dominant E to tonic A
- 40What is Motif D?for the mouth of the Loth hath spoken it
- 41Explain Motif DConsists of longer notes, mostly on the same pitch
Chant like - 42What key is the introduction in?Key A major
- 43What is in the introduction?Perfect cadence in the tonic key of A major
Hemiola
Harmonic rhythm
Driven by regular crotchet beat in the bass - 44What key is Motif A?Key of A major
- 45Who sings motif A?Alltos
- 46What is the word setting in motif A?Mostly syllabic
- 47What is in the Motif A section?Perfect cadence
Rest of the choir responds by repeating in a homophonic texture
Bass has the melody
Perfect cadence again - 48What key is the Motif B section?Key of A major modulating to E major
- 49Who sings motif B?Tenors but before they finish the basses enter with the same motif at a lower pitch (imitation)
- 50Do the sopranos sing in this section?They also enter with imitation
- 51Is there any other motifs in this section?The tenors come in with motif A while the other parts continue with motif B
- 52How is the motif developed?It is developed with 1 bar sequences on the word revealed
- 53What does this overlapping cause?It causes a contrapuntal (polyphonic) texture
- 54What happens from bar 21 onwards?D# occurs in almost every bar
The music is modulating to E major
This has 4#s - 55What is next?There are many perfect cadences in the dominant
- 56What next?Homophonic texture with motif A
Melody in bass - 57What does it end with?A perfect cadence
- 58What key is the next section in?Key E major with perfect cadence
- 59What is the section?A short musical interlude based on motif B
- 60What do the feature include?Sequences
Hemiola rhythms
Suspension - 61What key is the next section in?Key A major
- 62What is in it?Motif C
- 63Who is it introduced by?Altos and then by the tenors
- 64Do they overlap?No so thin texture
- 65What is the key confirmed by?A perfect cadence
- 66What immediately follows in this section?Motif D
- 67Who sings it?Tenors double the basses
- 68What do the repeated notes act as?A tonic pedal- long notes using the same tonic note
- 69What ends this section?A perfect cadence
- 70What is the next section's key?Key a major modulating to E major and B major
- 71What is introduced 1st?Motif D is introduced by the sopranos creating a dominant pedal on the note E
- 72When do the other parts come in?In bar 59 with motif C
- 73What does it end in?A plagal cadence
- 74What is nect?Imitation- alto tenor, alto during modulation to E major
- 75What ends this section?A perfect cadence in B major
- 76What is next?A short orchestral link based on Motif A leads into 4 part voices singing motif A in a homophonic texture
- 77What key?B major
- 78When do all parts come together?On the word together
- 79What does this section have?An imperfect cadence
- 80What chord ends?Chord 5
- 81When does the key of B major return to the key of E major?Bar 94
- 82When do all the motifs come together?Bar 84 altos sing Motif A and then B
- 83What doe the pitch descend across?Short melodies
- 84Why is the motif shortened after this?To bring all the voices together
- 85Who sings Motif D?Sopranos and altos
- 86Who sings motif A and B?tenors and basses
- 87What does the music modulate back to?The key of E major with perfect cadences
- 88What is the key of the next section?A major
- 89What do the Altos have?Altos have motif C which is fragmented in the tenor and bass
- 90What is there in this section?Question and answer
Alto tenor and bass continue the imitation
top parts sing Motif C
Bass have Motif D on a pedal note E
Has an imperfect cadence - 91What Key is the last section?Key A major
- 92Explain this sectionSopranos = Motif D
Basses + other parts answer
Followed by motif D on the tonic note A
There is a dramatic stop
3 beat rest leads to a slow plagal cadence in a fout part homophony emphasising the final words hath spoken it - 93What is the movement based on?Homophonic and contrapuntal textures
- 94What does the orchestra play when the choir sings?The orchestra mainly doubles the parts and supply bass when the basses are not singing. Sometimes doubling in a different octave
- 95What are the keys in order?A E A E B E A
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- FlashCards sobre Baroque, criado por Amber Turner em 04-04-2016.
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- Amber Turner
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