Flashcards
Geography Unit Test #2
Flashcards do conjunto (42)
- 1Definition of 'impervious'Not allowing any fluid to pass through
- 2Definition of 'weather'the current, temporary temperature and atmosphere in a certain region
- 3Definition of 'climate'the long term temperature and atmosphere in a specific region
- 4Definition of 'westerlies'Winds that blow from the west
- 5Definition of 'Jet Stream'A current of fast moving air that moves from west to east, controlling the location of the polar front.
- 6Definition of 'Moderating Effect'when the temperature of the ocean has an effect on the temperature of the coastal land
- 7Where's the Tropic of Cancer?23.5 degrees North
- 8Where's the Tropic of Capricorn?23.5 degrees South
- 9Where's the Arctic Circle?66.5 degrees North
- 10Where's the Antarctic Circle?66.5 degrees South
- 11Definition of 'permafrost'When the ground is permanently frozen.
- 12Definition of 'treeline'the line of altitude dividing where trees can/can’t grow
- 13Definition of 'krummholz'Stunted trees
- 14What's the difference between deciduous and coniferous trees?Coniferous have leaves that fall during the winter, deciduous have pines and needles that don’t fall during winter.
- 15What's the definition of 'transition zone'?a place between the the boreal forest to the north and the deciduous forest to the south
- 16The Canadian ShieldNicknamed the ‘basement of Canada’, it stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada. This land was filled with volcanoes billions of years ago. It’s igneous rock composition is a result of its long volcanic history. It looks different today because millions of years of erosion have changed these mountains to rolling hills. It’s also called the Precambrian Shield because it was formed 4 billion years ago, in the Precambrian era. Due to the fact that the rock is impervious, the water forms in dips in the land, forming small lakes scattered around the region. The soil is thin here because of severe glaciation during the ice age, which covered the Shield and scraped the rock clean.
- 17The Economy of the Canadian ShieldDue to the thin soil, agriculture isn’t very prevalent. The lakes caused by the impervious land promotes fishing and tourism, while the vast boreal forests are a great resource for logging industries. The rocks all contain rich mineral ores which provide a great mining area.
- 18The Geological Placement and History of the Western CordilleraThey are found on Canada’s west coast, predominantly in the province of British Columbia and the Yukon Territory. Convergent plate boundaries pushed up land, which formed the mountains. This is a subduction zone because a lighter tectonic plate is moving above a heavier plate that is subducting under the other. Some natural hazards that are associated with subduction zones are earthquakes which occur when the plates make a final shift and split the surface of the earth. Earthquakes can also lead to Tsunami’s which occur off the coast but move in towards it. You can tell that the mountains are still geologically young because they're taller than the Appalachians. Their jagged appearance and great height show that they haven’t been eroded yet.
- 19The Multiple Mountain Ranges (Related to the Western Cordillera)When people think of the Western Cordillera, they think of the Rockies, however, this is incorrect because there are multiple mountain ranges that make up the Western Mountains. The range is divided into three parts: The Eastern Mountains, Interior Plateaus, and Coast Mountains. The Eastern mountains are made up of the Rockies and the Columbia Mountains, separated by a deep trench. The Interior Plateaus are in the middle of the Cordillera and were made by volcanic activity. The Coast mountains are made up of the Coast mountain range which are on the mainland, and then the Island mountain range which are off the coast on the offshore islands.
- 20The Economy of the Western CordilleraTrees are a major driving source of the economy. Since the climate is warmer near the pacific ocean it allows the trees to grow along with other plants that couldn’t grow anywhere else. The trees grow larger here than anywhere else on Earth. Mining, fishing and agriculture are also big factors in the economy.
- 21The Geologic History of the Appalachian MountainsNicknamed the ‘old peaks’, they stretch from Georgia in the U.S. through the Maritimes to Newfoundland in the north. They formed when layers of rock eroded from the Canadian Shield were uplifted and folded at the end of the Paleozoic era when North America collided with Europe and Africa during the creation of Pangea. These mountains are sedimentary because they were formed when eroded bits of the Canadian Shield were compacted and cemented into mountains. They look different from mountains on the West Coast because they’re older, and centuries of weathering and erosion made them into rounded hills instead of jagged, peaked mountains.
- 22The Economy of the Appalachian MountainsThey have agriculture and mining, but their economy is mostly driven by their fishing backs, which are the largest in the world.
- 23The Innuitian MountainsLocated on the east coast of Baffin and Ellesmere islands, they formed when the North American plate moved northward. Similarily to the mountains in the Western Cordillera, they’re tall and jagged, however, they’re capped in ice all year long due to their northerly location.
- 24The Economy of the Innuitian MountainsTheir economy is small, despite the minerals inside of them, due to their cold climate and lack of human settlement.
- 25The Location and Geologic History of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence RegionLocated in the lowland regions around the Great Lakes and adjacent to the St. Lawrence River, the top layer of rock is sedimentary (made of limestone, shale, and dolomite), that came from the eroded top layer of the Canadian Shield. The Great Lakes were formed when glaciers carved out the land (gouged out by their heavy weight) and melted, leaving fossil water in it’s wake.
- 26The Economy of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence RegionFarming is a significant industry in this area not only because of glacial till, which is when the glaciers brought rich soil with it, but also because of the warm climate and the plentiful amount of water. While small physically, it’s mighty economically because of the agriculture and how the St. Lawrence River is one of the most important trading routes in Canada.
- 27Location and Geologic History of the Arctic LowlandsMade up of a series of islands mainly located in Canada’s far north, similarily to the other lowlands, the top layer of rock is made of sedimentary rock eroded from the Canadian Shield.
- 28The Economy of the Arctic LowlandsThey don’t have farming/agriculture in this region due to permafrost, and while there are minerals, it’s costly to access them so there’s very little economy in this region. Other than a few Aboriginal Tribes, there are almost no people here.
- 29Define Latitude.Latitude lines are imaginary lines on the earth's surface. They run east and west around the globe and tell you your distance north or south of the Equator, and are equidistant to each other.
- 30Define Longitude.Longitude lines are imaginary lines on the earth's surface that run from pole to pole around the globe and tell you your distance east or west from the Prime Meridian. They all converge at the poles.
- 31List the three general climatic zones of the world and describe them and their latitudinal boundaries.Tropical: warmest average temperatures and the most rain [30-60 degrees - north and south]
Temperate: moderate temperatures and rainfall year round [30 degrees South - 30 degrees North]
Polar: Very cold, temperatures are almost always below freezing [60+ degrees north and south] - 32What does LOWERN stand for?Latitude, Ocean Currents, Wind and Air Masses, Elevation and Altitude, Relief and Near Water
- 33Describe how Latitude affects Canada's climate.At the equator, more solar energy is condensed into a smaller area, so it’s warmer there, while in vice versa, there’s more solar energy spread out in a larger area the further you are from the equator.
- 34Describe how Ocean Currents affect Canada's climate.The temperature of the ocean current affects the temperature of the air that passes over it. When two opposite climate ocean currents meet, it causes a great deal of fog.
- 35Describe how Wind and Air Masses affect Canada's climate.An air mass is a large volume of air that takes on the climatic conditions of the area where it was formed. As the air mass passes over land, it will bring along the temperature of the place where it was formed. For example, if an air mass was formed over an ocean, it might bring precipitation to the land where it’s blown.
- 36Describe how Elevation and Altitude affect Canada's climate.The higher you get, the colder it is. This is because as the air rises, it expands because of lower air pressure, and as it expands, it becomes colder. It eventually reaches a point where it’s reached the maximum amount of water that the air and temperature can hold, and it condenses. This is called dewpoint.
- 37Describe how Relief affects Canada's climate.As the air rises up the mountain, it expands and cools. As it reaches dewpoint, the water becomes heavy and becomes rain, snow, or hail. As the air descends from the mountain, cloud formation and precipitation decrease. This causes a rain shadow, and the climate on the other side becomes drier since so much water was lost on the other side of the mountain.
- 38Describe how being Near Water affects Canada's climate.It has a moderating affect, for example, large bodies of water take longer to cool down during the winter, and longer to warm up during the summer, so the temperature near large bodies of water lowers the temperature range of the area.
- 39Explain the differences between Maritime and Continental climates.Maritime Climate: An area near a huge body of water with lots of precipitation and a low temperature range, because the water has a moderating effect on the temperature.
Continental Climate: An area more inland, not near a huge body of water, with less precipitation and a high temperature range. - 40How does the Western Cordillera affect the climate on the west and east side of the mountains?The west is rainier and the east is dryer because of relief precipitation, where the wind pushes against the side of the mountain, and goes up, then rains on the west, and because all the rain has been used up on the west and is prevented from going to the east, there’s less rain in the east.
- 41What's the importance of a jet stream?It’s what splits the warm air and the cold air, so if it moves further south, than it will be colder, and if it moves to the north, it will be warmer.
- 42Explain how a moderating affect can influence somewhere's climate.Large bodies of water take longer to warm up during the summer, so the cool air is carried over to the coast, and they also take longer to cool during the winter, so it’s warmer near the coast.
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- Grade 9 Geography FlashCards sobre Geography Unit Test #2, criado por Annika Chen em 05-11-2016.
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- Annika Chen
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