Flashcards
Environmental Ethics
Flashcards do conjunto (25)
- 1The Burren (Irish Republic) 6Unique mix 4 floral communities
Arctic + Alpine + Mediterranean + Atlantic
Gulf stream - mild winters even on high hills
Limestone absorbs heat in summer and radiates in winter
Year round rain - grass grows constantly even in winter
Cattle moved in summer = growth in peak flower season
eg Dryas octopetola Mountain Avens - 2Why conserve the Burren 3Not natural - should be ash and hawthorn
Active measures made to prevent natural succession
Strategy more anthropocentric not ecocentric - 3Scottish Highlands 8Largely artificial landscape
Scottish pines felled
Crofting communities exited by English lords for sheep grazing
Sheep to red deer and grouse
Regen of Scot pine stopped by deer eating young saplings and heather burning
Red deer are needed to be culled - 4Scottish Highlands - Glen Tanar 5Scottish pine wood
No deer, any that enter are culled
Big deer fence
Refuge for major refforestation - wild cat, pine marten, red squirrel - 5Scottish Highlands - Reintroduction 2Successful for sea eagles and ospreys
Cold be used for wolves and Cairngorm deer - 6Scottish Highlands - Conflicting Conservational Priorities 4Flora on hills - little interference but sensitive to global warming
Want to replant Scottish pines
Want to prevent drainage and commercial planting
Ramblers want year round access = path erosion - 7Eco-actions 3Aims to balance economic costs vs benefits to spp diversity
Climate change = moves optimal habitats - can species migrate?
Main conservation priority to purchase land to save it from development - 8Global obstacles to conservation 6Human overpopulation
Human vs envi priorities
Pollution
Global warming
Ocean acidification
Can Green parties even win? - 9Tourism in Africa - Mass Tourism 5Maasi Maia
1000s of visitors and vans
High economic returns
Significant disturbance
Relatively accessable - 10Tourism in Africa - Ecofriendly Tourism 4Mera
Small eco-friendly lodges
Minimal disturbances
Poor road access - 11Advantages and Disadvantages of Ecotourism 6Long-haul flights
Build on stilts instead of AC
Local supply for food/drink/construction
Local staff
Support scheme for local entrepreneurs
Scholarship for secondary kids - 12Anthropocentric value of the environment 4Vinca rosea (Rosy Periwinkle)
Native to Madagascar
Source of lots of anti-viral drugs
Chemotherapy of the drugs increases the survival rates for sufferers for Hodgkin's disease and childhood leukaemia - 13Ecocentric values (biosphere) values of the environment Gaia overview 4Proposed by James Lovelock
View entire biosphere as interconnected
Humanity part of system
Aim for sustainability - 14Neo-mysticism Gaia 4Named after ancient Greek Earth Goddess
Appeals to New Age mindset
Pseudo-religious
Biosphere as one organism - 15Uneconomic Gaia 2Capital world economy assumes continued economic growth and depletion of resources
How much FLEXIBILITY in key nutrient cycles, how far can they be pushed BEFORE they fail drastically? - 16Calls for sustainability and biodiversity 4We have a window of ten years before passing the tipping point. Six years in now.
Rio declaration '92
Kyoto protocol '97
Stern report '06 - 17Chief Seattle's Testimony 3Self-sustaining relationship betw. humans and natural world
Broken treaties and bison herd exterminations.
From coastal Pacific NW tribe. - 18Grand Canyon 5No inhabitants
No longer truly natural
Dams upstream = no normal flood cycles
Affects silt and gravel bars = affects fish
Artificial flow useless - 19What counts as 'other' worthy concerns? 7Great apes / mammals
All humans
All mammals
All sentient animals
All animals
All living things
All natural entities - 20Peter Singh 4Doesn't believe in human or animal rights
Animal Liberation book
Pain equivalent for humans and animals
Wrong to harm human = same for animals - 21Values in Environment 4Aesthetic value
Anthropocentric value (drugs)
Biocentric (ethical worth of every species)
Ecocentric (ethical worth to all species based on ecological roles) - 22Utilitarian 4How to evaluate results
Great human benefits over-ride all others?
Short-term / long-term balance
Eg Fuel price policy got protested in '03 - 23Aesthetic Value of the Environment 2Fritillaria meleagris - Snakehead flowering plant
Very rare and very pretty - 24Anthropocentric Attitude 4DOMINATORS - free to exploit all natural resources for own ends (Industrial Revolution)
STEWARDS - duty of care towards natural world (genesis) - 25Ecocentric Attitude 4PARTNERS - non-human allies and respect ecosystems
PARTICIPANTS - intrinsically linked and sustained by ecosystems and if you harm then you harm us
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- Degree Bioethics (Environmental Ethics) FlashCards sobre Environmental Ethics, criado por katy.lynock em 04-05-2013.
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- katy.lynock
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