Flashcards
population
Flashcards do conjunto (25)
- 1populationbirth rate
the number of live babies born per thousand of the population each year - 2death rate the number of deaths per thousand of the population per yearthe demographic transition model (DTM)
- 3—population growth
- 4as countries become more developed, birth and death rates change affects the population growth e.g. improvements in healthcare decreases death rateso, as countries become more developed the population changes and the country moves through the stages of the DTM
- 5a Less Economically Developed Country (LEDC) are in the first few stages of the DTM. population growth rate is high because birth rates are high and death rate is beginning to falla More Economically Developed Country (MEDC) are in the later stages of the DTM. usually have low or negative population growth because birth and death rates are low
- 6overpopulation the result of rapid population growthoverpopulation mostly happens in LEDC's - they have a high birth rate and falling death , causing a high population growth rate
- 7low life expectancy together with a high birth rate also leads to a youthful population. this means that there are a lot of children in the youthful population that are dependant on the working populationproblems
- 8social - not everybody has access to the healthcare available - children have to work and miss out on education - there are food shortages if the country can't provide enough food- not enough houses; people are forced to live in overcrowded settlements
- health problems; lack of clean water and houses are located around sewer - 9economic not enough jobs for number of people in country so unemployment rises. there's increased poverty because more people are born into families that are already poorenvironmental
increased waste and pollution - more waste going to landfill sites
more natural resources are used up - trees are chopped down for firewood - 10strategies to control overpopulationbirth control programmes
- aim to reduce the birth rate
- laws on number of children per family
- offer free contraception and sex education to people - 11immigration laws - aim to control immigration - government limit number of immigrants in country and can be selective of who they let into their countrychina
china has the largest population of any country in the world - over 1.3 billion - 12the 'late,long,few' policy; 1970-79 this policy aimed to reduce the natural population growth by encouraging people to have children later, leave longer gaps between each child, and have fewer childrenthis made development in China more sustainable by reducing the rapid growth of the population. resources weren't used up as quickly and less waste was produced
- 13one child policy (1979 - present) the policy encourages people to only have one childcouples are given benefits like longer maternity leave and free education for the child. couples with more than more than one child don't get any benefits and are fined part of their income also
- 14the policy has prevented up to 400 million births. the fertility rate has dropped from 2.9 in 1979 to 1.8 in 2009some people think it wasn't just the one child policy that slowed population growth; they say the late ,long ,few policy was more effective and as the Chinese are more wealthy, they want fewer children
- 15china's one-child policy helps towards sustainable developmentthe policy has resulted in china having a ageing population
- 16exceptions if the first child is a girl or it has a physical disability, in rural areas they're allowed a second child. if both the parents are only child's or one has a disability, they're allowed a second childageing population
on a population structure, more people over 65 and few people below 18. more people are living longer due to improvements in healthcare etc. - 17older people are supported by the working population (16-64) - they're dependant on them. in an ageing population - more dependant peoplesocial impacts
- healthcare service is stretched
- people will have to spend more time working as unpaid carers for older family members
- have less leisure time and are more stressed/worried - 18- have fewer children as they cant afford lots of kids and looking after older family members too - more old people means pension giving by government is lower - people will have to stop work latereconomic impacts
- taxes would go up; government use taxes to pay state pensions
- the economy of the country would grow more slowly - 19strategies to help with an ageing population- encouraging larger families; in Italy women are offered cash rewards to have more children
- encouraging immigration of young people from other countries - increases working population - 20these strategies don't help towards sustainable development because they increase the population size- raise the retirement age: stay in work longer,contribute to state pension longer; shorter time on pension
- raising taxes for working people; more money available for elderly - 21these strategies help towards sustainable development because they help to reduce the impacts of an ageing population without increasing the population size
- 22when people move INTO an area, it is called immigration. the people are called immigrants when people EXIT an area, it is called emigration. the people are called emigrantsINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION is where people move to another country.
- 23INTERNAL MIGRATION is where people move between different regions in a countrytwo types of migrants
refugees; people forced to leave their home country due to war etc
economic migrants; people who move to look for better jobs and higher wages - 24push factors negative things about a persons origin that make them want to leave- shortage of jobs
- low wages
- poor standard of living
- poor healthcare and education
- war
- poor environment due to natural disasters or pollution and crime - 25pull factors positive things about a persons destination that make them want to move there- more employment opportunities
- higher wages
- better standard of living
- better healthcare and education
- no war
- cleaner environment; no natural disasters, crime or pollution
Informações
- Descrição
- GCSE Geography (exam prep) FlashCards sobre population , criado por lucy johnson em 11-04-2017.
- Criado por
- lucy johnson · abr 2017
- Atualizado
- 19 abr 2017
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