Flashcards
Soil
Flashcards do conjunto (20)
- 1What is pedogenesisThe study of processes which lead to the formation of soil
- 2What are the 3 processes to soil formation?1. Rock formation
2. Weathering of rock
3. Organic matter inputs - 3What are the 2 types of weathering?Physical weathering: disintegration or degradation of rock without change in composition
Chemical weathering: one state of rock changes through numerous chemical processes - 4Types of physical weathering:■ Thermal: mineral expansion and exfoliation
■ Mechanical: biological, abrasion such as glaciers and wind blown dust or sand - 5Types of chemical weathering:Hydration
Hydrolysis
Dissolution
Redox reactions - 6What are the 5 factors affecting soil development?CORPT
■ Climate
■ Organisms
■ Relief
■ Parent Material
■ Time - 7What are the main 6 physical and chemical properties of soil?■ Soil nutrients
■ Soil moisture
■ Soil organic matter
■ pH
■ Bulk density
■ Heavy metals - 8the 6 macro-nutrients of soil■ Nitrogen
■ Phosphorous
■ Potassium
■ Calcium
■ Magnesium
■ Sulfur - 9What does soil nutrient concentration affect?■ Photosynthesis
■ Plant leaf growth
■ Root growth
■ Organic matter content - 10Types of soil degradation■ Chemical (4%)
■ Physical (12%)
■ Wind and water erosion (84%) - 11Types of chemical soil degradation■ Nutrient depletion
■ Salinization
■ Pollution
■ Acidification - 12Types of Physical soil degradation■ compaction
■ sealing and crusting of soil surface
■ waterlogging
■ subsidence of organic soils - 13Types of soil wind erosionSuspension
Saltation
Surface creep - 14The 6 effects of soil erosionSoil loss
Nutrient and productivity loss
Soil organism loss
Sedimentation
Texture change
Air pollution - 15Causes of soil degradationDeforestation
Climate change
Over-grazing/trampling
Arable farming - 16What are the 6 wind and water erosion management techniques?Vegetative barriers: water
Terracing: water
Shelter belts: wind
Tillage: wind and water
Mulching: wind and water
Cover Crops: wind and water - 17Management for soil contamination- Bio-remediation
- phyto-remediation - 18Mulching- Wind and water erosion protection
- loose coverings or sheets of material places on the surface of cultivated soil
- intercepts rainfall, reducing surface flow and raindrop erosion damage
- protects against wind transportation of soil - 19Shelter Belts- A line of trees or shrubs planted to protect an area
- Reduce wind and evaporation, increasing soil temperature - 20Cover Crops- Improve soil fertility, soil structure and increase macroporosity
- cover crops reduced soil loss of raised beds by 84%
Informações
- Descrição
- BIogeography FlashCards sobre Soil, criado por Emma Grantham em 13-04-2017.
- Criado por
- Emma Grantham
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