Flashcards
science semestral
Flashcards do conjunto (118)
- 1substancea single kind of matter that is pure and has a specific set of properties
- 2matteranything that has mass and takes up space
- 3solida state of matter that has a definite shape and volume, particles are stacked up together
- 4liquida state of matter that has definite volume but indefinite shape, particles are free to move
- 5gasnot definite shape or volume, particles move freely and quickly
- 6plasmahigher energy than gas, particles are energized, no shape or volume.
- 7Chemical propertythe ability of a substance to change into a different substance
- 8chemical property examplesiron rusting, charcoal burning, tarnishing, souring
- 9physical propertiescharacteristic of a substance that can be observed without it changing to another substance
- 10elementsubstance that cannot be broken down into any other substances, simplest type of substances
- 11atomsbasic particle from which all elements are made.
- 12moleculesa group of two or more atoms or more atoms held together by a chemical bond
- 13compounda substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio
- 14chemical formulashows the elemts in the compound and the ratio of atoms
- 15mixturemade of two or more substances that are tighter in the same place, but atoms are not chemically bonded.
- 16heterogenous mixtureyou can usually see different parts and can be easily separated
- 17homogenous mixtureIs very well mixed very difficult to separate.
- 18examples of homogenouscoke, honey, soy sauce, milk
- 19examples of heterogenousketchup, trail mix, pizza, guacamole
- 20filtrationsolids can be separated from a liquid by pouring the mixture through a filter
- 21distillationliquids can be separated from each other by heating them up until one of them boils. It boils into a gas and the liquids are separated.
- 22magnetic attractioniron objects can be separated from a mixture using a magnet
- 23evaporationwhen left open to the air liquids can change to gas, leaving solids behind
- 24how can mixtures be separatedfiltration , distillation, magnetic attraction, evaporation
- 25what units are used to express mass and volume?weight, mass, volume
- 26weightmeasure of the force of gravity on you, weight can change according to the gravity.
- 27massthe amount of matter of an object, does not change
- 28volumethe amount of space that matter occupies
- 29volume formulaLxWxH
- 30density formulamass/volume
- 31what happens to a substance in a physical changethe state of an object change
- 32changes of shape of formonly changes the shape of the object
- 33chemical changechemical reaction, changes in matter that produces a new substance
- 34types of chemical changescombustion, electrolysis, oxidation, tarnishing
- 35combustionrapid combinationn of fuel with oxygen, produces heat and light
- 36electrolysisuse of electricity to break a compound, into elements or simpler compounds
- 37oxidationcombination of a substance with oxygen
- 38tarnishingslow combination of a bright metal with sulfur or another substance, producing dark coating.
- 39law of conservation of massmatter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change
- 40temperaturemeasures how cold or how hot something is. Related to the energy of motion of the particles.
- 41thermal energytotal energy of the motion of all particles in an object
- 42types of changesexothermic, endothermic
- 43endothermic changea change in which energy is absorbed
- 44exothermic changea change in which energy is released
- 45chemical energyenergy stored in chemical bonds between atoms
- 46crystalline solidssolids that are made up of crystals, melts at distinct temperature
- 47examples of crystalline solidssalt, sugar, snow
- 48amorphous solidpatterns are not arranged in a definite pattern, does not melt at a distinct temperature
- 49properties in a liquidsurface tension, viscosity
- 50surface tensioninward force or pull, brings molecules on a surface close together
- 51viscosityliquid's resistance to flowing
- 52properties in a gasvolume, pressure, and temperature
- 53meltingchange of state from a solid to a liquid. at its melting point particles move so fast they break apart from each other
- 54freezingchange of state from a liquid to a solid, at the freezing point particles move so slowly they take a fixed position.
- 55water's freezing point0 Celsius
- 56vaporizationchange from a liquid to a gas
- 57evaporationvaporization that takes place on the surface of a liquid
- 58boilingvaporization that takes place both below and on the surface of a liquid
- 59condensationgas to a liquid, particles loose enough thermal energy
- 60sublimationsolid to a gas, do not pass through the liquid stage
- 61How are pressure and volume related?at constant temperature, when pressure increases also volume increases. when pressure decreases, volume decreases.
- 62Charle's Lawwhen pressure is constant when temperature increases volume increases. when temperature decreases then volume decreases
- 63Boyle's Lawat constant temperature, when pressure is increases, the volume decreases. when pressure decreases volume increases.
- 64Inversely proportionalwhen the product of two variables is constant to each other
- 65directly proportionaltwo variables are in a straight line passing through the origin.
- 66Dalton's atomic theoryelements consist of atoms that cannot be divided. All atoms of the same element are exactly alike and have the same mass. Cannot be changed into another substance
- 67Thomson's modelatoms are made of even smaller parts. atoms contain negatively charged particles. Must contain positive charge to balance.
- 68neutronpositively charged particle
- 69electronnegatively charged particle
- 70Rutherford's Modelproved Thomson's theory wrong, proved that there was a nucleus
- 71bohr's modelelectrons orbit the atom
- 72cloud modeldescribes properties of atomic electrons. The particles inside the atom orbited around the nucleus
- 73modern model of the atomthe neutron is inside, the nucleus together with protons. electrons are surrounding it of moving electrons
- 74Who is Mendeleev?Is a Russian chemist that knew some elements had similar chemical and physical properties. He noticed that a pattern of properties appeared when he arranged the elements in order of atomic mass. He found out that properties repeated regularly.
- 75What information does the periodic table containatomic number, chemical symbol, name, atomic mass.
- 76atomic numbernumber of protons in nucleus
- 77chemical symbolone or two elements that represent an element.
- 78namename of element
- 79atomic massaverage weight of protons, electrons and neutrons
- 80periodarranged in rows and go from left to right. 7 groups
- 81groupsalso called families, are columns. 18 groups.
- 82metalelements that are good conductors of electric current and heat
- 83physical properties of metalluster, malleable, ductile, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity
- 84chemical properties of metalreactivity and corrosion
- 85alkali metalsmost reactive metals, they are found only on compounds. found on group 1
- 86examples of alkali metalslithium, francium
- 87alkaline earth metalsharder, denser, reactive, found only on compounds. found on group 2
- 88examples of alkaline earth metalsmagnesium
- 89transition metalshard and shiny, high melting points and high densities, good conductors. found on group 3 to 12
- 90metals in mixed groupssome are used in bicycles, in cans and batteries in cars. found in group 13 to 16.
- 91lanthanides and actinidesused to make lasers, some are not found naturally others are made in labs. 2 rows below periodic table
- 92transuranium elementsmade when nuclear particles are forced to crash one another. after uranium.
- 93malleablematerial that can be hammered or rolled into other shapes
- 94lustershiny
- 95ductilematerial that can be moved into large wires
- 96thermal conductivityability of an object to transfer heat
- 97electrical conductivityability to conduct electrical current
- 98non-metalelement that lacks most of the characteristics of a metal
- 99physical propertiespoor conductors of electric heat
- 100chemical propertiesgain or share electrons when react to other atoms
- 101families in non- metalscarbon, nitrogen, oxygen, halogen, noble gases, hydrogen
- 102carbon familyDNA, fuels. group 14
- 103non metals in carbon familycarbon
- 104nitrogen familyform diatomic molecules. group 15
- 105non metals in nitrogen familynitrogen and phosphorus
- 106oxygen familyused to breathe group 16
- 107nonmetals in oxygenoxygen, sulfur, selenium
- 108halogen familysalt forming group 17
- 109nonmetals in halogen familyfluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
- 110noble gasesnot usually form compounds because they don't lose or gain or share electrons. group 18
- 111noble gases in familyhelium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon
- 112hydrogenelement with simplest atom. 90 percent of atoms in the world. group 1
- 113metalloidhave some properties of metals and some of non metals
- 114physical properties of metalloidsbrittle, hard
- 115chemical properties metalloidssomewhat reactive
- 116alpha decaydecreases 2 in atomic number and 4 in atomic number
- 117beta decayone less neutron and one more proton
- 118gamma radiationdo not loose or gain protons or neutrons
Informações
- Descrição
- FlashCards sobre science semestral, criado por Camila Torres em 15-12-2017.
- Criado por
- Camila Torres · dez 2017
- Atualizado
- 6 abr 2018
- Visualizações
- 1
- Tags
- Avaliação
Mais sobre Physical and Chemical Changes