Flashcards
IB Design Technology Topic 5
Flashcards do conjunto (32)
- 1Manufacturing TechniqueA specific manufacturing term, sometimes
relating to one material group only. E.g.
Casting - 2MouldingA process of manufacturing by shaping
pliable raw material using a rigid frame
or model called a pattern. Hot or Cold. - 3MouldA hollowed-out block that is filled with a
liquid like plastic, glass, metal, or ceramic
raw materials. The liquid hardens or sets
inside adopting its shape. - 4CastingA method of shaping an object by
pouring a liquid into a mould and
letting it harden. The shaped object is
called either a cast or a casting. - 5WeavingThe interlacing of two sets of threads
at right angles to each other: the warp
and the weft. The warp is held taut and in
parallel order, typically by means of a
loom. - 6FusingThe joining of melting metal by the
application of heat such as welding. - 7StitchingJoining of cloth, leather, furs, bark, or
other materials, using needle and
thread. Its use is nearly universal among
human populations and dates back to
30,000 BC and it predates the weaving of
cloth. - 8CuttingThe act of separation of a physical
object, or a portion of a physical object,
into two portions, through the application
of an acutely directed force. E.g. Sawing - 9MachiningPowered machines that shape metals
and other materials through a variety of
cutting or grinding processes to
perform shaping and finishing operations
that produce precisely dimensioned parts.
E.g. turning, shaping and planing, boring,
drilling, milling and grinding. - 10AbradingTo wear down or rub away by friction,
also known as a wasting process because
the piece that is removed is usually
referred to as 'waste'. E.g. Glasspaper. - 11AdhesivesA mixture in a liquid or semi-liquid state
that adheres or bonds items together.
E.g. Epoxy Resin. - 12FastenersA hardware device that mechanically
joins or affixes two or more objects
together. They are often temporary, in
that they may be fastened and unfastened
repeatedly. E.g. Nut and Bolt. - 13Industrial RevolutionA period from the 18th to the 19th
century where major changes in
agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and
transport had a profound effect on
the socioeconomic and cultural conditions
starting in the United Kingdom, then
subsequently spreading throughout
Europe. - 14MechanisationA volume production process involving
machines controlled by humans. In
other words, machinery is used to carry
out some or all of the repetitive tasks in a
production process. - 15One-off ProductionWhen a product (bespoke) is made by
one person to meet the exact wishes
of the consumer. E.g. Custom made
clothing. - 16Batch ProductionA method of production where a number
of components are made all at once.
Limited volume production (a set number
of items to be produced) such as limited
edition guitar. - 17Mass ProductionA method of production in which large
numbers of identical products are
made using mechanised techniques.
The production of large amounts of
standardized products on production lines,
permitting very high rates of production
per worker. - 18AutomationA wide variety of systems and
processes that operate with little or
no human intervention. In most
modern systems, control is exercised by
the system itself, through control devices
that sense changes and such conditions. - 19CAD (Computer Aided Design)Use of computer programme such as
CorelDraw, Google SketchUp to design a
product. - 20CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture)Use of computer programme to
manufacture a product. It offers
significant advantages over more
traditional approaches by controlling
manufacturing equipment with computers
instead of human operators and is usually
associated with the elimination of operator
error and the reduction of labour costs. - 21CNC (Computer Numerically Control)Using digital information and code from
a computer to control a machine. X, Y Z
axis. - 22CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacture)A sophisticated combination of
systems, including computers, robots
and machines that manufacture products.
Such as that on an assembly line. The
benefits of economy of scale are gained
whether the order is for a single item or
for thousands. - 23JITA system in which goods are made and
delivered to order rather than being
held in a warehouse. This technique
shortens cycle times, decreases the
amount of inventory that a company
carries, leads to low work-in-process and
creates a flexible atmosphere. - 24JICA system in which companies carry spare
stock in case they need them. Stock
would usually consist of main problematic
components, components known to need
replacing, some will stock components
that are very difficult to come by, they are
timely to import or manufacture. - 25Mass CustomisationProducing goods and services to meet
individual customer's needs with near
mass production efficiency. - 26Final Cost= Fixed cost x Variable Cost
- 27Fixed CostsThe costs that must be paid out before
production starts, for example, the capital
cost of equipment and outgoings such as
rent and rates, often referred to as
overheads. These costs do not change
with the level of production and remain
the same however many items are
produced or consumed. - 28Variable CostsThe costs that vary with output, for
example, fuel or raw materials. It includes
the material, labour and energy costs that
arise as a direct result of the production
and are usually directly proportional to the
number of items made. - 29Total RevenueThe amount of money that comes back
into a company by selling its products. - 30Break-even pointWhen the revenue will equal the total
costs. After this point, your revenue is
more than your total costs and you start
to make a profit. - 31Clean ManufacturingAn approach to manufacturing or
production which uses less resources
and causes less environmental damage
by reducing the exploitation of natural
resources, minimizing waste and
preventing pollution. - 32End-of-pipe ApproachThis is how companies deal with the
problem of reducing pollutants. As
opposed to the ‘cradle to grave’ Green
Design approach which takes into account
the environmental impact of the product
throughout its product life cycle.
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- FlashCards sobre IB Design Technology Topic 5, criado por mayjr em 09-09-2014.
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