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Flashcards

Note Set 1

Ivy Windsor Statistics Inglês 53 flashcards

Note Set 1

Flashcards do conjunto (53)

  1. 1StatisticsScientific discipline that provides methods to collect, organize, and analyze data
  2. 2Descriptive StatisticsBranch of Statistics that includes methods for organizing and summarizing data
  3. 3Inferential StatisticsBranch of Statistics that involves generalizing from a sample to the population from which it was selected and assessing the reliability of such generalizations
  4. 4PopulationThe entire collection of individuals or objects about which information is desired. Group shares a common set of characteristics.
  5. 5SampleA subset of the population selected for study in some prescribed manner referred to as a sample size of n
  6. 6Representative SampleTypifies the targeted population
  7. 7Population ParametersValues that are absolutely true for the population
  8. 8—Population MeanPopulation Mean
  9. 9—Population VariancePopulation Variance
  10. 10—Population Standard DeviationPopulation Standard Deviation
  11. 11Sample StatisticsApproximately true values we obtain from the sample data
  12. 12—Sample MeanSample Mean
  13. 13MSample Mean
  14. 14—Sample VarianceSample Variance
  15. 15SD^2Sample Variance
  16. 16sSample Standard Deviation
  17. 17SDSample Standard Deviation
  18. 18VariableAny characteristic which can change across a single individual or object or across individuals or objects. Think "x"
  19. 19Independent Variable (IV)A variable with two or more levels that are expected to have different impacts on another variable
  20. 20Dependent Variable (DV)The outcome variable that is used to compare the effects of the different IV levels
  21. 21QualitativeData that can be collected in the form of names, labels, and non-numerical constructs
  22. 22QuantitativeData that can be collected in numerical form. Can be continuous (measurable) or discrete (countable)
  23. 23NominalQuantitative data consisting of labels or categories with no criteria for least to greatest ordering
  24. 24OrdinalQuantitative data which can be ordered but the differences between data values have no clear meaning
  25. 25IntervalQuantitative data which can be ordered and differences between data values can be determined and have meaning
  26. 26RatioQuantitative data which can be ordered and differences between data values can be determined and have meaning. Also ratios of data values have meaning and the data has a true zero
  27. 27Univariate dataData or observations on a single attribute
  28. 28Bivariate datadata or observations on two attributes
  29. 29Multivariate datadata or observations on three or more attributes
  30. 30Random sampleEach sample of size n has an equal likelihood of being selected
  31. 31Stratified samplePopulation is divided into sets of non-overlapping subgroups, a random sampling procedure is then performed on each subgroup
  32. 32Convenience samplingSamples which are easily available or convenient but do not necessarily represent the population of interest
  33. 33Methods of Data Collection1.Experiments 2. Surveys 3. Published Source 4. Observations
  34. 34ExperimentsA research scenario in which at least one experimental variable is manipulated to determine effects on the dependent variables
  35. 35Experimental TreatmentAdministered to experimental units, can be administered at various levels
  36. 36Control GroupGroup similar to the experimental group which does not receive the experimental treatment
  37. 37SurveyAn instrument that gathers data by presenting individuals with questions about specifics constructs
  38. 38Survey DesignParticipants are given a questionnaire with closed-form questions on a Likert-scale. The questions are then analyzed by the research to determine patterns in the data
  39. 39Experimental DesignHas an independent variable(s) and at least one dependent variable
  40. 40Pre-Test/Post-TestParticipants are tested prior to beginning the experiment and after the experi
  41. 41Single BlindCertain information usually regarding the variables of interest is withheld from the participants or the researchers but not both
  42. 42Double BlindCertain information usually regarding the variables of interest is withheld from the participants and researchers
  43. 43Characteristics of Research1. Reliability 2. Validity
  44. 44ReliabilityRefers to the level of replicability as well as consistency of methods, conditions, and results. Can be thought of as a measure of the uncertainty associated with a statistical interference
  45. 45ValidityRefers to whether the object, situation, test, etc is truly measuring that which is intended to be measured
  46. 46BiasThe difference between the expected value of an estimator and the true value of the population parameter that is being estimated
  47. 47Random ErrorError that can be attributed to chance including variations from one measurement to another not attributed to specific characteristics associated with the variable
  48. 48Systematic ErrorOccurs due to bias within the research design or measurement error due to instrument failure
  49. 49Selection BiasOccurs when a portion of the population had no opportunity to be selected for the sample
  50. 50Nonresponse BiasWhen researchers cannot obtain sufficient data from a sample to make an inference to the population
  51. 51Measurement ErrorInaccurate values in the data collection, may be due to survey questions, experimenter or completely ambiguous
  52. 52Random ErrorBetween subject/samples. Within subject/samples. Can be accounted for
  53. 53Systematic ErrorObserver error. Instrument error. Can be prevented to a larger degree. Lead to or causes of bias

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Descrição
Statistics FlashCards sobre Note Set 1, criado por Ivy Windsor em 22-08-2018.
Criado por
Ivy Windsor · ago 2018
Atualizado
22 ago 2018
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