Flashcards
IB ESS Topic 4
Flashcards do conjunto (23)
- 1Ocean circulatory systemWarm ocean currents move water away from the equator and cold ocean currents move water away from cold regions towards the equator
- 2Specific heat capacityAmount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of substance by one degree C. It takes more energy to heat up water than it does to heat up land but takes longer for water to loose heat -> land is hotter by day, sea hotter by night
- 3Surface ocean currentsCaused by influence of prevailing winds blowing across the sea. The pattern of ocean currents (gyres) is roughly circular. The pattern is clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anti-clockwise in the southern hemisphere
- 4MitigationMitigation is an intervention to reduce the emissions sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.
- 5AdaptationAdaptation is an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects
- 6AquifierAn underground formation of permeable rock or loose material that stores underground water
e.x. wells - 7PrecipitationAll forms such as rainfall, snow, frost, hail and dew. Transfer and conversion of moisture in the atmosphere to land. Three components:
- Interception loss (retained by plants -> absorbed or evaporated)
- Through fall (falls through gaps of vegetation or drops from leaves)
- Stem flow (water that trickles along branches and then main branch) - 8EvaporationProcess by which liquid or solid is changed into a gas.. Increased by warm dry conditions
- 9TranspirationWhen water vapour escapes from living plants and enters atmosphere. Evatransporation is huge water loss.
- 10InfiltrationProcess by which water soaks into or is absorbed by the soil. Vegetation can intersect as it increases infiltration.
High precipitation and low infiltration = runoff - 11CondensationWhen vapour passes into liquid form
- 12SublimationConservation of solid into a vapour with no intermediate liquid state. Under low humidity, snow can be evaporated directly into water vapour without entering liquid state.
- 13AdvectionHorizontal transfer of energy or matter, movement of air which results in distribution of elements of warm/cold air, moisture and pollutants
- 14FreezingLiquid to solid
- 15IrrigationThe addition of water to areas where there is insufficient for adequate crop growth. Taken from surface stores, lakes, dams, rivers. Affects: lower water tables, raise water tables causing widespread salinisation, reduce albedo effect, changes in precipitation, farming affect interception and infiltration rate, grazing decreases infiltration and makes soil compact
- 16Deforestation impact on water systemsReduced infiltration rates, reduced soil water storage, no canopy shade -> more evaporation -> less groundwater storage, increase in light intensity wind speed and moisture, increase surface runoff and soil erosion, increase annual floods, increase frequency of landslides
- 17Urbanisation impact on water systemsIncrease in impermeable surfaces
Overland runoff
Lack of vegetation -> higher temperatures - 18CurrentMovement of water from one place to another
warm currents = from equator to poles
cold currents = from poles to equator - 19SalinityConcentration of salt is higher in warm seas as there are high evaporation rates of water. Freezing increases salinity while large icebergs made of freshwater decreases salinity after melting.
- 20DensityAffected by temperature, salinity and pressure. As temperature increases, water becomes less dense. As salinity increases, it becomes more dense. As pressure increases, it becomes more dense. Denser mass slips under the less dense water.
- 21Ocean conveyor beltA constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity. Determine our weather and climate, transfer energy from equator to poles.
- 22UpwellingWinds blowing across the ocean surface push water away. Water then rises up from beneath the surface to replace the water that was pushed away.
- 23Specific heat capacityAmount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a body. More energy is needed to heat water than to heat land
Informações
- Descrição
- International Baccalaureate Environmental Studies FlashCards sobre IB ESS Topic 4, criado por Pilar Amusategui em 20-04-2019.
- Criado por
- Pilar Amusategui
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