Flashcards
Development and Globalisation
Flashcards do conjunto (17)
- 1Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment that meets the needs of both the present without comprimising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- 2Sustainability was first expressed in the form of environmental objectives. List the 3 main environmental objectives...-Maintain ecological processes and life-support systems
- Preserve genetic diversity
- Ensure utilisation of species/ecosystems without destroying them - 3What is economic sustainability?The ability of economies to maintain themselves when resources decline or become too expensive, when populations dependent on those resources are growing.
- 4List 4 environmental principles set during the 1992 Rio Earth Summit...-States can exploit their own environments but not other states environments.
-Environmental protection should be an integral part of the development process.
-Laws should be enacted regarding liability for pollution and compensation
-Environmental impact assessment(EIA) should be undertaken for all proposed economic activites. - 5List 3 economic principles set out during the 1992 Rio Earth Summit...-All states should cooperate in eliminating poverty i order to decrease disparities in standards of living.
-States should cooperate to restore the Earth's ecosystem
-Unsustainable production and consumption patterns should be eliminated and appropriate demographic policies should be promoted. - 6What examples are there for the damaging impact of tourism?-Land is lost to recreational uses e.g. golf courses
-Overuse of scarce water sources to the detriment of local farmers
-Water sports damage coral reefs - 7Give 5 points that were on the World Travel and Tourism Council's (WTTC) environmental checklist after the Rio Earth Summit in 1992.-Waste minimisation, reuse and recycle
-Management of fresh water resources
-Management of hazardous substances
-Partnerships for sustainable development
-Involvement of staff, customers & communities in environmental issues - 8Gross Domestic Product (GDP)..The total value of all finished goods and services produced by a country in a year.
- 9Gross National Product (GNP)..Total value of all finished goods and services produced by a country in a year + all net income earned by that country and its population overseas.
- 10Limitations of economic indicators e.g. GDP...- Ignore social aspects e.g. education
-Ignores environmental costs of development
-Fails to recognise dist. of wealth
-Fails to recognise cost of living in diff. areas - 11What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?-Life expectancy at birth
-Adult literacy rates
-Real GDP per capita based on PPP - 12Define Least Developed Countries (LDCs)The poorest and most economically weak of the developing countries with alarming economic, institutional and human resource problems, often compounded by geographical handicaps and natural/man-made disasters.
- 13LDCS are defined by 3 main factors, which are...-Low Incomes
Human resource weaknesses
-Economic vulnerability - 14Why do nations group together?BENEFIT ECONOMIES (Comparative advantage, reduce trade barriers,larger markets)
PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT (can tackle global concerns together e.g. UN)
INCREASE SECURITY/PROMOTE PEACE (less likely to have wars and conflicts if grouped) - 15What is a trading bloc?An arrangement among a group of nations to allow free trade between member countries but impose tariffs on other countries that may wish to trade with them.
- 16Positives of trading blocs...-Smaller nations have bigger voice
-Those seeking work can move more freely
-Greater chance of peace with international understanding
-Remote regions receive support e.g. W Ireland
-Sectors of economies can receive support e.g. agriculture within EU have the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) - 17Negatives of trading blocs...-Smaller regions demand greater voice, can lead to seperation (Scotland, UK)
-Elites within system can hold majority of power through voting systems
-Pressure to adopt central legislation
-Loss of sovereignty
-Some loss of financial controls to a central authority
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- FlashCards sobre Development and Globalisation, criado por nicolaglass em 18-01-2015.
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