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Flashcards

Development and Globalisation

nicolaglass English 17 cards

Cards in this deck (17)

  1. 1Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment that meets the needs of both the present without comprimising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
  2. 2Sustainability was first expressed in the form of environmental objectives. List the 3 main environmental objectives...-Maintain ecological processes and life-support systems
    - Preserve genetic diversity
    - Ensure utilisation of species/ecosystems without destroying them
  3. 3What is economic sustainability?The ability of economies to maintain themselves when resources decline or become too expensive, when populations dependent on those resources are growing.
  4. 4List 4 environmental principles set during the 1992 Rio Earth Summit...-States can exploit their own environments but not other states environments.
    -Environmental protection should be an integral part of the development process.
    -Laws should be enacted regarding liability for pollution and compensation
    -Environmental impact assessment(EIA) should be undertaken for all proposed economic activites.
  5. 5List 3 economic principles set out during the 1992 Rio Earth Summit...-All states should cooperate in eliminating poverty i order to decrease disparities in standards of living.
    -States should cooperate to restore the Earth's ecosystem
    -Unsustainable production and consumption patterns should be eliminated and appropriate demographic policies should be promoted.
  6. 6What examples are there for the damaging impact of tourism?-Land is lost to recreational uses e.g. golf courses
    -Overuse of scarce water sources to the detriment of local farmers
    -Water sports damage coral reefs
  7. 7Give 5 points that were on the World Travel and Tourism Council's (WTTC) environmental checklist after the Rio Earth Summit in 1992.-Waste minimisation, reuse and recycle
    -Management of fresh water resources
    -Management of hazardous substances
    -Partnerships for sustainable development
    -Involvement of staff, customers & communities in environmental issues
  8. 8Gross Domestic Product (GDP)..The total value of all finished goods and services produced by a country in a year.
  9. 9Gross National Product (GNP)..Total value of all finished goods and services produced by a country in a year + all net income earned by that country and its population overseas.
  10. 10Limitations of economic indicators e.g. GDP...- Ignore social aspects e.g. education
    -Ignores environmental costs of development
    -Fails to recognise dist. of wealth
    -Fails to recognise cost of living in diff. areas
  11. 11What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?-Life expectancy at birth
    -Adult literacy rates
    -Real GDP per capita based on PPP
  12. 12Define Least Developed Countries (LDCs)The poorest and most economically weak of the developing countries with alarming economic, institutional and human resource problems, often compounded by geographical handicaps and natural/man-made disasters.
  13. 13LDCS are defined by 3 main factors, which are...-Low Incomes
    Human resource weaknesses
    -Economic vulnerability
  14. 14Why do nations group together?BENEFIT ECONOMIES (Comparative advantage, reduce trade barriers,larger markets)
    PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT (can tackle global concerns together e.g. UN)
    INCREASE SECURITY/PROMOTE PEACE (less likely to have wars and conflicts if grouped)
  15. 15What is a trading bloc?An arrangement among a group of nations to allow free trade between member countries but impose tariffs on other countries that may wish to trade with them.
  16. 16Positives of trading blocs...-Smaller nations have bigger voice
    -Those seeking work can move more freely
    -Greater chance of peace with international understanding
    -Remote regions receive support e.g. W Ireland
    -Sectors of economies can receive support e.g. agriculture within EU have the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
  17. 17Negatives of trading blocs...-Smaller regions demand greater voice, can lead to seperation (Scotland, UK)
    -Elites within system can hold majority of power through voting systems
    -Pressure to adopt central legislation
    -Loss of sovereignty
    -Some loss of financial controls to a central authority

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Flashcards on Development and Globalisation, created by nicolaglass on 18/01/2015.
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nicolaglass
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