Flashcards
Restless Earth
Flashcards do conjunto (29)
- 1LithosphereThe upper layer of the mantle and the crust combined
- 2AsthenosphereThe layer below the lithosphere
- 3Oceanic crust-Dense so it sinks
-Can be renewed and destroyed
-200 million years old
-Made of basaltic rocks - 4Continental crust-Less dense so can't sink
-Can't be renewed or destroyed
-1,500 million years old
-Made of granitic rocks - 5Convection currentsA repetitive action occurring underground. as pressure builds it pushes rock sediments up, releasing magma.
- 6PlumesPart of the convection cell where heat moves to the surface. In a plume the mantle is less dense, it brings molten rock up to the surface, it it breaks through the crust an eruption will occur.
- 7Magnetic fieldEarth is surrounded by a huge invisible magnetic field called the magnetosphere. it protects earth from harmful radiation from space.
- 8Hot spotsA volcanic area heat forms as a tectonic plate moves over a heated point of the earth's mantle. the heat source comes from the decay of radioactive elements.
- 9Constructive plate boundary-Small earthquakes, 5-6 on the Richter scale
-Small non-dangerous volcanic eruptions
-Basaltic magma (1200°) - 10Conservative plate boundary-Small daily tremors e.g. San Andreas fault line
- 11Destructive plate boundary-Tsunamis
-Explosive volacnoes
-Andestic Magma (900-1000°C)
-E.g. Andes Mountains, Peru
- 12Collision Plate Boundary-Landslides
-Rare volcanic action
-E.g. himilayas
- 13—Extinct volcano- dead and will never explode again
- 14Composite Volcano/ Cone Volcano-Tall
-Narrow base
-Steep Sides
-Rocky surface
-Destructive plate boundary
- 15Shield Volcano-Short
-Wide base
-Gentle sloped sides
-Vegetation covered surface
-Constructive plate boundary
- 16Mount St Helens, Washington 18th May, 1980-Composite volcano
-Andestic magma
-VEI 5
-North American Plate and Juan De faca Plate
- 17Mount St Helens Primary and Secondary EffectsPrimary
-63 people killed, mainly by poisonous gases
-250+ homes destroyed
-Forest destroyed from ash and gas
Secondary
-Fishing sites destroyed by ash
-Damaged 12 million board feet of timber
-Destroyed 8 bridges, 30 logging trucks, 22 vehicles and 39 rail cars
-Spent £145 million on new roads and £25 million on a new highway
- 18Montserrat 1995-Composite volcano
-Andestic magma
-VEI 3
- North american and Caribbean plate
- 19Montserrat Primary and Secondary EffectsPrimary
-Two thirds of the island was covered in ash
-50% of the population was evacuated
-19 people died
Secondary
-The airport and roads were closed
-Lost over half of the population
-Fields were destroyed
-Tourism was lost
- 20Mauna Loa, Hawaii 1984-Shield volcano
-Andestic magma
-VEI 2
-Pacific plate
- 21Mauna Loa Primary and Secondary EffectsPrimary
-Destroyed homes, fields and livestock
Secondary
-Destroyed a lot of cities of Hilo
- 22—P- Epicenter
R- Shock waves
S- Focus
- 23Earthquake Proof Buildings MEDCs- Japan-Helicopter IDs
-Crossed steal frames
-Underground rubber shock absorbers
-Evacuation areas
-Shatter proof glass windows
-Automatic shutters
- 24Earthquake Proof Buildings LEDCs- Haiti-Steel rods in the ground
-Concrete rings to hold the foundations
-Walls made from slats of mud and straw
-Thatched roof
-Crossed over wooded frames
- 25Haiti Earthquake 2010-Ricter 7.0
-Mercalli 10
-Epicenter 15 km from Port Au Prince
-Focus 13 km underground
-Caribbean and North american plate
- 26Haiti Earthquake Primary and Secondary EffectsPrimary
-316,000 dead and1 million homeless
-30,000 buildings and 250,000 homes destroyed
-4,000 inmates escaped
Secondary
-1 in 5 lost jobs
-Disease (cholera) and mass graves
- 27Haiti Earthquake Short and Long TermShort Term
-$100 million from the USA
-$330 million from the EU
-810,000 aid camps
Long Term
-98% of rubble uncleared
-Temporary schools built
- 28Loma Prieta, California 1989-Richter 7.1
-Mercalli 7
-Epicenter Santa Cruz
-Focus 16.79 km underground
- 29Loma Prieta Earthquake Primary and Secondary EffetcsPrimary
-63 dead and 3,757 injured
-A double decker bridge collapsed and 10,000 people were homeless
-30 fires and $10 billion of damage
Secondary
-Electricity in 2 days and 10 years to rebuild the bridge ($3 billion from US)
Informações
- Descrição
- AS - Level GCSEs (Geography) FlashCards sobre Restless Earth, criado por Freya Coombes em 25-02-2015.
- Criado por
- Freya Coombes
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