Flashcards
Soft Tissue Problems in Orthopaedics
Flashcards do conjunto (22)
- 1What problems can occur in the skin?1. Infection (cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis)
2. Lumps (lipoma, liposarcoma) - 2Which organisms cause necrotizing fasciitis? What is the mortality?Strep A; gram negatives
20% - 3A) What is the epidemiology of Dupuytren's contracture (M:F ratio, age?) B) What are the causes of Dupuytren's contracture?A) M>F ; >40
B) Genetics, trauma, diabetes, alcoholism, phenytoins, liver cirrhosis - 4What problems can occur in the muscle?Tear/rupture
Infection
Inflammation
Lumps
Contracture - 5A) What is this? B) What causes it?A) Volkmann's ischaemic contracture
B) Acute ischaemia/necrosis of the flexor muscles of the forearm due to obstruction of the brachial artery at the elbow from e.g. supracondylar fracture of the humerus - 6What problems can occur in the tendons?Rupture
Inflammation
Infection - 7Which tendons most commonly rupture?Rotator cuff
Biceps
Quadriceps
Achilles - 8What is this?Biceps tendon rupture
- 9A) Who gets quadriceps tendon ruptures? (M:F ratio, age) B) What are the clinical symptoms and signs (including x-ray)?A) M>F; 50-60s
B) Pain and swelling in the knee
Palpable defect
Unable to straight leg raise
X-ray: patella in lower position - 10A) Who most commonly gets Achilles tendon ruptures? (Age, MoI) B) What are the symptoms/signs?A) >30yo; someone kicked in the calf
B) Difficulty in walking
Palpable defect in tendon
Positive Thompson test - 11Which problems can occur in the blood vessels?Aneurysms
Lumps
DVT - 12What problems can occur in the nerves?Lumps (neuroma; neurofibroma)
- 13A) What is Morton's neuroma? B) Where does it commonly occur? C) How does it commonly present?A) Fibrotic changes in the common digital nerves (on the plantar side) causes metatarsalgia
B) The 2nd and 3rd interdigital spaces
C) Neuralgic pain in the toe/interdigital space - 14What problems can occur in the ligaments?Sprain
Tear - 15Which ligaments most commonly tear?Elbow - radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
Knee - MCL, LCL, ACL, PCL
Ankle - Medial = Deltoid ligament
Lateral = Anterior talofibular ligament; Posterior talofibular ligament; calcaneofibular ligament - 16What problems can occur in the bursae?Inflammation
Infection - 17Which bursae are most likely to become inflamed?Subacromial bursa
Olecranon bursa
Trochanteric bursa
Prepatellar bursa
Infrapatellar bursa - 18What problems can occur in fibrocartilage?Tears
- 19A) Which cartilage is most likely to tear and what are the symptoms? B) What are the causes? C) How can it be diagnosed?A) Medial meniscus. Locking and pain
B) Trauma, degenerative
C) McMurray's test, MRI - 20What problems can occur in the intervertebral discs?Prolapse/bulge
Infection - 21A) Who gets prolapsed intervertebral discs? (Age) B) What are the symptoms? C) How is it diagnosed?A) Young adults
B) Radiating pain (sciatica), neurological symptoms
C) MRI - 22A) What are the symptoms of disciitis? B) What is the mortality?A) Pain, neurological symptoms
B) 10%