Flashcards
Thermal Physics
Flashcards do conjunto (38)
- 1define triple pointfor a given substance, one specific temperature and pressure at which all three phases of that substance can exist in thermodynamic equilibrium
- 2define phasesa phase of matter is its state, solid, liquid or gas
- 3define thermal equilibriuma state in which there is no net flow of thermal energy between the objects involved, all at the same temperature
- 4define the Celsius scalea temperature scale with 100 degrees between the freezing point and the boiling point of water, at atmospheric pressure 1.01x10*3 Pa
- 5define the absolute temperature scalea scale for measuring temperature based on absolute zero and the triple point of pure water, with graduations equal in size to those of the Celsius scale, unit kelvin
- 6define the thermodynamic temperature scalea scale for measuring temperature based on absolute zero and the triple point of pure water, with graduations equal in size to those of the Celsius scale, unit kelvin
- 7define absolute zerothe lowest possible temperature t which substances have minimum internal energy
- 8define kelvinthe SI base unit of the absolute/thermodynamic scale of temperature
- 9define the kinetic modela model that describes all substances as made up of atoms, ions, or molecules arranged differently depending on the phase of the substance
- 10define Brownian motionthe continuous random motion of small particles suspended in a fluid, visible under a microscope
- 11define internal energythe sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the atoms, ions or molecules in a substance
- 12define specific heat capacitythe energy required per unit mass to change the temperature by 1K or degree Celsius, unit Jkg*-1K*-1
- 13define specific latent heatthe energy required to change the phase per unit mass while at constant temperature
- 14define the specific latent heat of fusionthe energy required to change the phase from solid to liquid per unit mass while at constant temperature
- 15define the specific latent heat of vaporisationthe energy required to change the phase from liquid to gas per unit mass while at constant temperature
- 16what is the net flow of thermal energy between a hot object and a cold objectthere is a net flow of thermal energy from the hot object to the cool object, hot one decreases, cold one increases in temp until they are in thermal equilibrium
- 17what is the zeroth lawif two objects are in thermal equilibrium with a third, then all three are n thermal equilibrium with each other
- 18how do you convert from kelvin to Celsiusminus 273
- 19how do you convert from Celsius to kelvinadd 273
- 20describe how solids are arranged with the kinetic modelatoms are regularly arranged and packed closely together,with strong electrostatic forces of attraction holding them in fixed positions, but they an still vibrate in place
- 21describe how liquids are arranged with the kinetic modelthe atoms are close together, but the kinetic energy is higher than solids and they can change position and flow past each other, as the electrostatic forces of attraction are lower
- 22describe how gasses are arranged with the kinetic modelatoms have more kinetic energy than both solids and liquids, and are much further apart, they can move past each other freely as the electrostatic forces are negligible, they move randomly with different speeds in different directions
- 23how is pressure caused by a gas in a containerthey collide with the walls of the container, and each other, exerting a force on the walls
- 24how can you observe Brownian motionseeing the random movements of pollen grains floating of water, which is caused by them colliding with water molecules
- 25when a substance changes phase, where does the energy transferred to thew substance go?into the electrostatic potential energy of the substance rather than temperature
- 26what are the electrostatic forces in the three states of matterin gas, they are zero as the electrical forces between atoms are negligible, in liquids it is a negative value, and in solids it is a large negative value
- 27why are the electrostatic forces in liquids and solids negative?it means that energy must be supplied to break the atomic bonds
- 28what is the specific heat capacity of water4200
- 29what is the equation involving specific heat capacityE = mc (delta theta)
- 30what are the equations for powerP = IV and P = E/T
- 31what is the method of mixturesit is a way to determine the specific heat capacity using two known masses of known substances at different temperatures are mixed together, recording their final temperature at thermal equilibrium allows the specific heat capacity of one of the substances to be calculated, if the other one is known
- 32what is constant-volume-flow heatingit is a technique used to heat a fluid passing over a heated filament, used to heat dishwashers, and some showers and to transfer heat away from heat sources like car engines or nuclear reactors
- 33what is the rate of flow equal to?mass / time
- 34what is the equation for specific latent heat?L = E / m
- 35when a substance is at its melting point, what happens to the energy transferred to the substanceit increases the internal energy of the substance without increasing the temperature
- 36what is the equation for specific latent heat of fusionLf = IVt/m
- 37what is the equation for the specific latent heat of vaporizationLv = IVt/m
- 38how can you calculate the total energy required to heat and change the phase of a substance that went from solid all the way to gaswhen heating solid, calculate with E=mc(solid)change in temp. when melting, use E=mLf. when heating liquid use E=mc(liquid)change in temp. when evaporating use E=mLv. total energy is adding up the energy transferred in each section
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- physics A level (M5 Chapter 14 Thermal physics) FlashCards sobre Thermal Physics, criado por lizabeth rawson em 05-10-2021.
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- lizabeth rawson
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