Flashcards
B
Flashcards do conjunto (27)
- 1What is systems software?it is software needed to run the computers hardware and application programs.
- 2what are utility programsutility software is software designed to optimise the performance of the computer and is responsible for the maintenance of the computer.
It is software that does backing up, restoring corrupted files, compression and decompression - 3what sort of processes do utility software carry out?backing up
updating
compression and decomp
antivirus
defragmentation - 4what is disk defragmentation?over time files can be split up into multiple sections and spread over the hard disk, making it slow to find and read them all.
defragmentation reorganises the disk so that the split up segments of files will be recombined into a single series of sequential blocks.
it speeds up reading and optimises blocks - 5what is antivirus software?antivirus software checks the computer system for malicious programs that harm the computer and removes them.
checks hard drive, emails and internet downloads - 6what is compression and decomp softwarethese are software that remove repeated pieces of data or less relevant pieces of data in order to reduce the amount of storage that is taken up
- 7updating?update utility makes sure that the software is the most up to date version.
for apps, update utility regularly scans internet for updates and installs.
antivirus is updated to combat new viruses being discovered. also for bug improvements - 8what is file handling what is backing up?file managers/handlers allow files and directories to be moved, copied, renamed and deleted.
back up utilities allow for recovery of data if original copy is lost, deleted or corrupted - 9what is application software. what is general purpose and special purpose software?application software is that which allows the user to perform a task or produce something.
general purpose software is that which can be used to carry out a variety of tasks. e.g word processor. spreadsheet
special purpose software is software that perfoms a specific task or specific set of tasks. e.g payroll software, booking systems
a school would need multiple types of software for student details e.g spreadsheet etc. - 10what is off the shelf software?off the shelf software is software made for general use like office, games etc. nothing too specialised.
- 11what are positives of off the shelf software?+tested thoroughly so should work as expected and secure updates are regular
+ cheaper to purchase than bespoke software
+user may be familiar with software and trust the company. - 12what are the negatives of off the shelf software?Software can contain additional features that the user doesn't need which and reduce performance of system
some can be expensive as especially for single user as oppose to business use. some require regular subscription
some desirable features may be missing - 13what is bespoke software?this is software custom made to meet the requirements of a specific organisation or user.
hospitals and schools may use bespoke software for tracking and managing students and patients - 14benefits of bespoke software?built to meet the requirements of the company. it is unique to their needs
eradicates presence of unwanted features to maximise performance
features can be added as requirements change - 15drawbacks of bespoke software?its expensive to develop as it is tailor made for the company.
will require staff to be trained on how to use system. time consuming
will require original specialised staff to amend error. limited help - 16what are knowledge based systems (expert system)?systems that use a source of data and information or set of rules to provide a diagnosis or recommended course of action.
- 17what is an example of a KBS (expert system)medical expert system that helps to diagnose illnesses for patients and suggest treatment
Finding problems with a car using a knowledge based system to run tests and provide an output - 18main components of a knowledge based system?the knowledge base
the inference engine
the user interface - 19what is the knowledge base?the knowledge base is a database of knowledge stored in the system memory which is provided by the experts in a field.
knowledge used is factual knowledge
rule base: a set of rules used by the inference engine to obtain a solution decision to a problem involves IF and THEN - 20what is the inference enginethe part of the expert system which makes judgements and reasoning using the knowledge base and the user responses
it organises and controls steps to solve a problem. chaining method uses IF-THEN rules to form line of reasoning - 21what is the user interface element of KBS?Enables information and queries to be inputted by the user and the system to output the outcome based on the decisions made
- 22how do the categories interact? (kbs)the knowledge base contains all the info needed
inference engine takes info from knowledge base and and also the info provided by the interface and uses it to make a final diagnosis - 23what is open source software? what is closed source software?open source software is software where user can user can view and modify the code. e.g firefox
closed source software is software where the code is restricted for any sort of viewing or modifying. you buy right to use software but dont own. e.g office - 24what are benefits of open source software?editing availability means code can be customised to match needs of organisation
unwanted features can be removed to make software faster.
open source is often low in price and sometimes free - 25what are benefits of closed sourced software?code is well tested and has been professionally developed. Updates will generally be secure
- 26what are the drawbacks of open sourced software?code may be prone to errors due to lack of concrete testing, bad performance.
security risks as code is accessible so some may add malicious code
editing of code and adapting it will require technical skill so it is not easy for everyone.
difficult to receive help as development involves different people form different places - 27what are drawbacks of closed source software?reliance on company to provide updates and fix issues. may be inconveniencing especially if time critical
often not free
users cant make any changed to code so that software is more beneficial to them
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- Highers computing (semester 1) FlashCards sobre B, criado por Daniel Nnajiuba em 14-06-2022.
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- Daniel Nnajiuba
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