Flashcards
Lessons 4.4-4.8
Flashcards do conjunto (28)
- 1confoundingwhen the effects of two or more variables are associated in a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other
- 2When finding identifying a confounding variable...relate it to both the explanatory and response variables
- 3control groupa group that provides a baseline for comparison in an experiment; ensures any differences are due to treatment
- 4double-blindthe subject nor those interacting with them knows who receives which treatment
- 5experimentwhen a treatment is applied and response is measured
- 6experimental units/subjectsthe group to which a treatment is applied in an experiment
- 7observational studydata is gathered without applying treatments
- 8placebo effectwhen a response occurs after even though an inactive treatment was applied
- 9single-blindone group (usually researchers) knows what they are receiving while the other group (the subjects) do not
- 10treatmentsthe specific conditions that are applied to subjects in an experiment
- 11explanatory variablewhat you manipulate or observe changes in
- 12response variablewhat changes as a result to changes in the explanatory variable
- 13What are the 3 types of completely randomized designs?hat method, random number generator, and random integer table
- 14Describe a matched-pairs experimental design.1) each experimental unit receives both treatments, in random order
OR
2) experimental units that are similar in as many ways as possible are used and we use chance to determine which member of the pair receives which treatment. This method is particularly useful in medical trials; two subjects need to be the same age, same body type etx. - 15What is a block?a group of similar experimental units
- 16Blocking is to _____ _____ as stratifying to to _____.experimental design; sampling
- 17Describe how a randomized block design works.the random assignment of treatments to experimental units is carried out separately within each block
- 18Describe 3 extra facts about blocking.1. it's a form of control, as it limits the effects of outside variables by bringing these variables into blocks
2. blocking allows for more precise conclusions, since it removes any systematic differences and allows us to study only the effects of the treatment
3. blocks should be formed based on the most important unavoidable sources of variability - 19A ____ _____ _____ is actually a special case of randomized block design that uses a block of size ___.matched pairs design; 2
- 20What are the 3 types of experimental design in AP Stats?1. Completely Randomized Design
2. Matched Pairs Design
3. Randomized Block Design - 21What are 3 big principles of experimental design?1. Control
2. Random Assignment
3. Replication - 22controlusing an experimental design that limits the effect of confounding variables
(ex. placebo, blocking, control group) - 23random assignmentusing chance when assigning treatments to experimental units
(ex. completely randomized design, randomized block) - 24replicationusing a sufficient number of experimental units to distinguish treatment effects from chance; no universal number exists; varies from one experiment to another
- 25Inferenceconclusions that go beyond the data we collect via sampling or through an experiment
- 26What are the two types of inferences?1. inference about the population
2. inference about cause and effect - 27When can you make an inference about the population?whenever the subjects are randomly selected (random sample)
- 28When can you make an inference about cause and effect?whenever subjects are randomly assigned to treatments
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- 12th grade AP Stats (Chapter 4 Test) FlashCards sobre Lessons 4.4-4.8 , criado por Riley Ashford em 01-09-2022.
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- Riley Ashford
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