Flashcards
soil classifications
Flashcards do conjunto (22)
- 14 ways of soil formation - Transformatintransformations - modification or destruction of soil constituents through chemical and physical processes (usually through weathering)
- 24 ways of soil formation - translocationTranslocation - movement of organic or inorganic materials laterally or vertically, usually by water
- 34 ways of soil formation - additionsaddition - deposition of materials like organic matter (leaf litter) or sediment (dust)
- 44 ways of soil formation - lossesLosses - removal of materials from the soil by leaching, erosion or gas emissions
- 5factors affecting soil formation processes- climate
- organisms
- time
- relief
- parent material - 6soil classification - major soil groups- Lithomorphic soils
- Brown (earth) soils
- Podzolic soils
- Surface water gleys
- Ground water gleys
- Peats
these are then divided into sun-group and varieties - 7Lithomorphic soils- undeveloped soils
- no B horizon
- rock near the surface of the soil - 8Brown Earth soils- dark brown A horizon
- weathered B horizon
- well draining - 9Podzolic soils- B horizon has evidence of amorphous material accumulation
- this contains organic matter, iron and aluminum
- form in areas of high rainfall for high leaching and acidic parent material - 10Surface water gleys- gleyed sub-surface horizon within 40cm depth
- impermeable subsoil
- sometimes develops on glacial till - 11Ground water gleys- permeable soil with mottling within 40cm of the surface
- occurs from waterlogging and anaerobic conditions
- alluvial deposits from low lying areas and near to rivers - 12peaty soils- greater than 40cm depth of O horizon
- nutrient rich organic matter
- very dark brown and black
- O horizon made from 20-30% organic matter so has many nutrients and fertile - 13what is illuviationthe introduction/deposition of minerals and ions into one soil horizon by percolating water from another horizon (above)
- 14what is eluviationthe downward movement/percolation of water from one soil horizon. Transports soil content from upper layers
- 153 types of rock...-igneous
-sedimentary
-metamorphic - 16how are rocks formed...-igneous- through crystallisation of liquid magma, eg. granite
-sedimentary- through weathering, transportation and deposition, eg. chalk
-metamorphic- through particles melting under high pressures and temperatures, eg marble - 17what are the soil layersO-top soil
A-organic material
E-sand and silt, lack of nutrients
B-accumulation of materials
C-earth material
R-parent material and bed rock - 18components of soilclay- smallest particle, impermeable and cause waterlogging
silt/sand- larger, well drainage and infertile from leaching. unreactive to weathering - 19how to plants and soils interact-plants root exudates release acids that break down rocks to accumulate soils
-cation exchange moves metal ions from the soils to help plant growth. cations exchanged for hydrogen so the charge is kept constant - 20under what conditions does cation exchange increase-increase in organic matter for more binding sites
-increase in clay particles for more binding sites
-increase in soil pH so ions aren't water soluble and leach out the layer - 21what are LUC and ALCLUC- Land use capability
ALC-agricultural land classification - 22what factors are considered in ALC process-climate (temp, rain, exposure/topography)
-soil limitations (depth, stoniness, texture)
-site limitations (flood risk, gradient, micro relief)
-interactive limitations (soil wetness, droughts, erosion risk)
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- Geography FlashCards sobre soil classifications , criado por alice buckton em 28-11-2022.
- Criado por
- alice buckton
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