Flashcards
Population dynamics
Flashcards do conjunto (26)
- 1What is the policy in China?1 child
- 2What is Singapore's Policy on children?Three or more
- 3What is Australia's points system?This is how many points you need to score on your entrance exam to be able to live in Australia. You must get 100/125
- 4Push factorsWars, poverty, moving house, Jews forced to leave by Nazis
refugees
university, Job prospects low - 5Pull factorsNicer area, better climate, living conditions, more money
- 6Stage 1 of the DTMHigh birth rates
no birth control
children seen as an asset who can work which leads to large families.
High death rates
frequent famines
outbreaks of disease, e.g.: plague, typhoid. - 7Stage 2High birth rates
Falling death rates
improved hygiene, health care, nutrition
safer drinking water
better sewage disposal - 8stage 3falling birth rates
birth control
less children dying
People beginning to want smaller families for economic reasons.
Falling death rates - 9stage 4Low birth rates
women delaying having children
birth control
Low death rates
continual improvement in health care - 10stage 5Slightly rising death rate
many old people
Low birth rate
fewer young people so fewer having families - 11What do population pyramids show?Number or percentage of different age groups for each gender in a population
- 12What is the issue of an ageing population?An ageing population means more money is needed for:
state pensions
social provisions such as home help, meals on wheels, suitable housing
medical provisions, e.g.: care homes, increased need for hospital beds and professionals to cope with diseases of the elderly, such as dementia. - 13What is the issue of a youthful population?A youthful population means more money is needed for:
social provisions such as nurseries, schools, play grounds, child-specific benefits, e.g.: maternity and paternity leave
medical provisions, e.g.: maternity units in hospitals, paediatric medical facilities, etc. - 14What are the problems for the elderly in the UK?Difficulty of getting around if no public transport
Living alone when partners die
High cost of residential homes
Having to sell homes to pay for care
Fear of crime
Long waits for hospitals appointments - 15problems of overpopulationNot enough resources causes malnutrition and starvation
Shortages of housing and educational and medical services
Unemployment - poverty for individuals and strain on benefits
Overcrowding leading to poor living conditions, especially in urban areas - 16Problems of underpopulationOften an ageing population - low fertility.
Underemployment/Skills shortages negatively affect economy
Not enough people to pay taxes for services
Not enough people to exploit the resources - 17How can population be made sustainable?Make sure there are not too many and not too few people.
Making sure there are enough people of working age to support the rest of the population
Managing resources so as not to use too many
Recycling resources as much as possible
Looking after the environment - 18In China what are the incentives to have 1 child?cash bonuses
longer maternity leave
better childcare
preferential access to housing - 19China's policy factsYoung people persuaded to delay marriage
Pressure for abortion of 'unauthorised' pregnancies.
Easy access to contraception and encouragement of post-pregnancy sterilisation
'Forced' sterilisation of couples who have more than one child. - 20Has China's policy been successful?Yes as population has been decreased but in rural areas the policy has not been rigorously enforced so has not been as succsessful
- 21What are the incentives for Singapore?Incentives for having more than two children:
tax rebates
cheap nurseries
preferential access to the best school
spacious apartments - 22Why did Singapore introduce the 3 or more policy?Singapore had introduced a policy in the 1960s to help reduce its population, which was very successful, so successful it led to population decline and an ageing population. This meant that it now had to introduce a pro-natalist policy to help increase the birth rate and population.
Counselling offered to discourage abortions and sterilisation - 23Has the policy been successful?yes as the population has increased
- 24Why encourage migration?Can help address underpopulation
Helps address labour shortages - immigrants often do jobs that native people would rather not do
Meets specific skills shortages: doctors, teachers, engineers
Working-aged immigrants pay taxes which help pay for services
Immigrants add to a country's talent and culture. - 25What are the tensions it cause?Pressures on housing, health care and education caused by immigration
Fear by native population that immigrants are 'taking their jobs'.
Discrimination / abuse of immigrants
Perception that immigrants take advantage of state benefits
Can alienate 'native' population
Quotas or skills tests may cause problems for people who want to bring family to live with them. - 26Negative sides of ChinaSome people now believe that China's rapidly growing economy will not have enough workers to keep it going. If this happens , the Chinese Government may be forced to relax the one-child policy.
-There is an imbalance of men to women. Couples have often used illegal methods to ensure that their one child is a boy, as boys are traditionally more able to care for their parents when they are elderl
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- GCSE Geography FlashCards sobre Population dynamics, criado por Sammie Boucher em 22-10-2015.
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- Sammie Boucher
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